The Progress of Solar PV Sector in Jordan in 2024

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In 2024, Jordan made significant advancements in its solar photovoltaic (PV) sector, reflecting its commitment to expanding renewable energy and achieving greater energy independence. Below is an overview of the key solar energy developments and milestones in Jordan:

solar plant in Jordan

Installed Solar PV Capacity

According to annual reports by Jordan’s grid operators, the total installed on-grid solar PV capacity reached 2,073.86 MW by the end of 2024. This capacity is divided as follows:

  • Distribution System Operators (DSOs): 1,081.86 MW across 74,145 projects.
  • Transmission System Operator (TSO): 992 MW.

The largest DSO-managed installations were by:

  1. Jordan Electric Power Company (JEPCO): 591.44 MW (32,257 projects).
  2. Irbid Distribution Company (IDECO): 309.32 MW (28,588 projects).
  3. Electricity Distribution Company (EDCO): 181.10 MW (13,300 projects).

Market Dynamics

The global decline in solar PV system prices fueled strong demand for installations during the first half of 2024. However, regulatory changes led to a temporary halt in installations for three months until new grid connection mechanisms were finalized in September 2024.

installed solar capacity in Jordan

Policy and Regulatory Updates

  1. Revised Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Law (Law (12), year 2024):
    • Issued in June 2024, this law introduced a transition from the Net Metering system to a new Net Billing system, tailored to sector-specific requirements.
    • New connection mechanisms were introduced under Bylaw (58), year 2024, enabling four distinct connection mechanisms for on-grid solar PV systems.
  2. Grid Connection Fees and Tariffs:
    • Electricity consumers below 300 kWh/month can install systems under the “Buy All-Sell All” mechanism without grid fees.
    • The commercial sector faces higher grid fees of 13 JD ($18.3 USD) per kWac/month, reducing the economic viability of installations.
  3. Removal of 1 MW Cap:
    • In September 2024, Jordan’s Council of Ministers lifted the cap on solar PV project sizes, enabling large-scale installations. A notable example is a 50 MW solar power plant financed by Cairo Amman Bank and currently under construction.
  4. Time of Use (ToU) Tariff:
    • Time of Use (ToU) Electricity Tariff: Starting 1st of July 2024, the Energy and Mineral Regulatory Commission (EMRC) issued a time of use tariff for six sectors. These sectors are; Water, Electric Vehicle charging stations, Electric Vehicle private meters, telecommunication, large industrial, mining industrial and small industrial. The electricity tariff for these sectors will change during the day with an off-peak tariff between 05:00 – 14:00, a partial peak tariff between 14:00 – 17:00 and 23:00 -05:00 and a peak tariff between 17:00 – 23:00. For example, the electric charging stations (without commission) electricity tariff during the peak period is 0.133 JD/KWh, and during the partial peak periods it is reduced by 15% to 0.133JD/KWh and during the off-peak period it is reduced by 23% to 0.103 JD/KWh. The main reason for implementing the ToU tariff is to change the behavior of the end consumer to use more electricity during the sun peak hours because more electricity is generated on grid from solar PV, and this driver will reduce the gap between the generated electricity and the demand to avoid the costly action of shutting down of the conventional power generating units.

Operational Highlights

  1. Improved Solar PV Efficiency:
    • The Energy and Mineral Regulatory Commission (EMRC) raised the average specific production to 1,800 kWh/kWp. The DC:AC ratio was standardized to 1.5:1 for single-phase systems and 1.2:1 for three-phase systems.
  2. O&M Sector Growth:
    • Since Jordan started the solar PV installation in 2012, the demand for solar PV operation and maintenance (O&M) services increased, driven by aging systems requiring inverter replacements (every 8-10 years) and system optimization.
    • Robotic cleaning for solar PV systems is gaining significant traction, driven by the increasing need to maximize electricity generation from existing plants and new installations. This trend is further supported by the declining capital costs (CAPEX) of solar PV systems, making efficient maintenance solutions like robotic cleaning more appealing and cost-effective.
  3. Government Support Initiatives:
    • JREEEF Subsidy Program: Continuing its 30% subsidy for residential single phase (up to 3.6KWac) rooftop systems, with around 10,000 systems approved to date.
    • Social Welfare Installations: Through the Fils-il-Reef program, MEMR supported families on social welfare and injured retired military personnel with free 2.7 KWac systems, reducing energy costs for 30 years.

Renewable Energy Milestones

  1. Increased Renewable Energy Share:
    • By the 3rd quarter of 2024, renewable energy contributed 28.2% to Jordan’s electricity generation mix. MEMR aims to raise this target to 50% by 2030, with updates showing in the national energy strategy expected by end 2025.
  2. Smart Grid Integration:
    • Approximately 50% of Jordan’s grid now operates with digital meters, enabling real-time monitoring and the implementation of ToU tariffs. It is expected to reach 100% by end 2025.
  3. Off-Grid Systems Expansion:
    • Cost reductions have increased the popularity of off-grid solar PV systems, particularly in rural areas, farms, and tourist sites relying on diesel generators.

Future Outlook

Jordan is poised to become a leader in renewable energy adoption, with significant policy reforms, growing private sector participation, and ambitious targets for 2030 and beyond. The upcoming Jordan Energy Strategy 2025–2035 will further solidify the country’s position as a renewable energy pioneer in the Middle East.

An Interesting Approach to Combat Climate Change in the South Pacific

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New Zealand initiative named “Climate Shift” is a three-tiered approach being proposed to combat local climate change and in turn contribute to the global reduction plan to help protect our entire global environment. It focuses on addressing environmental issues on three fronts.

climate action in new zealand

The obvious and essential first step is to tackle the actual emissions with significant reduction. The next front is to engage with and seek support from independent organizations and governmental bodies while reaching out to the people of the land to get more engage and take responsibility. The final front is working with nature itself ensuring the sustainability of the natural environment, restoring and rewilding areas cleared for capitalistic development with no consideration for the long-term biodiversity and protection of native species of both flora and fauna.

Let’s take a closer look a each of these fronts to see the types of approaches that are being proposed by interested environmental conservation organisations and community members. There will be proposals set before government to move away from our traditional energy from coal, oil and gas industries. Obviously, the country cannot simply close down our current energy producing industries. But there is much incentive to end oil, gas and coal exploration, not to initiate any new fields either on land or out at sea. The trend being to transition off fossil fuels and embrace more sustainable energy sources.

Pacific Ministers of Energy and Transport from southern Pacific nations drafts up the Port Vila Call to Action for a fossil fuel free Pacific and triggered an initiative for a regional ocean energy program. The aim is to achieve a fossil fuel-free Pacific.

To move toward such a goal, there is a push to move from government owned to public and locally owned, nature-friendly renewable electricity by providing grants-based and equitable finance to renewable projects. Urban development will be required to target higher density developments with overall lower emissions through more inclusive public transport infrastructure and transport systems.

Agricultural practices may undertake a make review and shift in how the land is used. This would entail a move away from the present intensive dairy farming to a more sustainable practice with much lower emissions. This would also consider phasing out synthetic nitrogen fertilizer, reduction in herd size, phase out imported feed stock and phase out the current large scale irrigation systems presently in operation. This would also require a harsh review of emission trading schemes already in place.

how climate change is impacting Kiribati

Other measures that need urgent attention relate to community development in flood-prone areas and coastal regions that are in close proximity to river mouths, etc. The island nations that tend to have very limited land elevation are being severely targeted with sea level rise. As these scenarios are not manageable by human intervention, communities need to be relocated to viable and acceptable new territories.

All the south Pacific communities whether small island nations or more substantial landmasses but still island based territory need to review methods of “restoring and rewilding” natural areas. Mangrove areas, marshlands, lagoons and other wetland areas need to be preserved and protected. These areas need to be restored to their historical size or expanse before settlement colonisation. These areas all help to mitigate the impact of extreme weather events. With the ever increasing air temperatures, the warmer atmosphere holders greater quantities of water and so rain events are more commonly destructive in nature due to the excess amounts of precipitation.

By protecting nature, the tendency will be to provide greater protection for the people in their respective communities whether expansive urban spreads or small isolated communities. Native forests are a natural means of protecting the environment as they are massive carbon storage reserve. Low-lying native grasslands and flaxes help to stabilise the land and reduce erosion and manage flooding more effectively. This does require the management of introduced species of bird and animal creatures as they end to over-populate and eradicate native species to near-extinction.

As the region is populated by islands rather than large landmasses, fisheries is a primary industry for all the south Pacific island countries. To preserve the natural balance in the great expansive oceans, it is proposed to adopt an ecosystem- based fisheries management approach to harvesting the fish stock. This would entail banning bottom trawling operations. As well as restoring mangrove areas between low and high tidal zones, the kelp forests that line the immediate deep water coastlines need to be protected and restored.

Overall, it is possible to mitigate climate change in the south Pacific region but it requires both harsh decision making and drastic change in current energy producing systems as well as needing prompt action following the prompt decision making. There is less and less time to deliberate as the time to act is now.

إمكانات توليد الطاقة من مخلفات النخيل

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يعد تمر النخيل احد المنتجات الزراعية الاساسية في المناطق الجافة و شبه الجافة في العالم خاصة في الشرق الأوسط و شمال افريقيا. يوجد اكثر من 120 مليون شجرة نخيل في العالم تنتج عدة ملايين من الاطنان من التمر كل عام، بالاضافة الي المنتجات الثانوية و التي تشمل عروق النخيل، الأوراق، السيقان، السعف و الليف. يمتلك العالم العربي اكثر من 84 مليون شجرة نخيل و اغلبها في مصر، العراق، المملكة العربية السعودية، ايران، الجزائر، المغرب، تونس و الإمارات العربية المتحدة.

date palm biomass

تعتبر مصر اكبر منتج في العالم للتمر حيث بلغ إنتاجها السنوي في عام 2012  1.47مليون طن من التمر و هو ما يمثل حوالي خمس الانتاج العالمي. تمتلك المملكة العربية السعودية اكثر من 23 مليون شجرة نخيل و التي تنتج حوالي مليون طن من التمر في العام. تدر أشجار النخيل كميات هائلة من المخلفات الزراعية في شكل أوراق جافة، سيقان، نوي التمر، بذور، الخ. يمكن لشجرة نخيل واحدة ان تنتج نمطيا ما يقرب من 20 كيلوجرام من الأوراق الجافة سنويا بينما يمثل نوي التمر غالبا 10% من ثمرة التمر. اثبتت بعض الدراسات ان المملكة العربية السعودية وحدها قادرة علي ان تنتج اكثر من 200,000 طن من الكتلة الحيوية لتمر النخيل كل عام. 

يعتبر تمر النخيل من مصادرالطاقة الطبيعية المتجددة لانه يمكن استبدالها في وقت قصير نسبيا. تستغرق شجرة النخيل من 4-8 سنوات حتي تثمر بعد زرعها، ومن 7-10 سنوات حتي يكون حصاد ثمرها اقتصاديا. يتم عادة حرق مخلفات تمر النخيل في مزارع او يتم التخلص منها في مقالب القمامة مما يسبب تلوث بيئي في مناطق انتاج التمر. في بلدان مثل العراق و مصر يستخدم جزء صغير من الكتلة الحيوية للنخيل في انتاج الأعلاف الحيوانية.

الكتلة الحيوية للنخيل تحتوي علي المكونات الاساسية الآتية سليولوز و هيميسليولوز و اللغنين. بالاضافة الي ذلك يحتوي النخيل علي نسبة عالية من المواد الصلبة المتطايرةو نسبة منخفضة من الرطوبة. و بفضل هذه العوامل و المكونات تكون الكتلة الحيوية للنخيل مصدرا ممتازا لإنتاج الطاقة من المخلفات في منطقة الشرق الأوسط و شمال افريقيا. يوجد نطاق واسع من تكنولوجيات حرارية و كيمياء حيوية تستخدم لتحويل الطاقة المختزنة في الكتلة الحيوية للنخيل الي عدة صور مفيدة من الطاقة. وجود نسبة رطوبة منخفضة في تمر النخيل تجعل مخلفاته مناسبة تماما لتكنولوجيا التحويل الحراري و الكيميائي مثل الإحراق و التحويل الي غاز و الانحلال الحراري.

علي الجانب الاخر، وجود نسبة عالية من المواد الصلبة المتطايرة في الكتلة الحيوية للنخيل تدل علي إمكانيتها لإنتاج غاز حيوي في مصانع التهضيم اللاهوائي، و من الممكن بواسطة التهضيم المشارك مع المخلفات الصلبة للصرف الصحي، المخلفات الحيوانية  و النفايات الغذائية. يمكن تحويل المحتوي السليولوزي في مخلفات النخيل الي وقود حيوي (إيثانول حيوي) عن طريق استخدام عملية التخمير. و بالتالي فان وجود أشجار النخيل بوفرة في بلدان مجلس التعاون الخليجي، و علي الأخص المملكة العربية السعودية، يحفز علي تطوير قطاعي الكتلة الحيوية و الوقود الحيوي في المنطقة. 

Translated by Maiy Latif and Katie Holland

مي لطيف مهندسة بترول تخرجت من جامعة كالجري الكندية و لها خبرة عالمية في مجال النفط و البيئة. تخصصت مي في تنمية مشروعات تتعلق بحماية البيئة  و السلامة و الصحة و الأمان في مجال النفط من خلال عمليات معالجة مخلفات و نفايات نفطية. تعمل مي في شركة هندسية كندية لها مشاريع في الولايات المتحدة، النرويج، الكويت، السعودية و اندونيسيا. 

Katie Holland graduated from Durham University in 2015 with a degree in Arabic and French, having also studied Persian. Currently working in London, she hopes to develop a career that uses her knowledge of Arabic and the Middle East, alongside pursuing her various interests in the arts. 

السماد الحيوي

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هو نوع من السماد الذي يحتوي على انواع معينه من ديدان الارض والتي تستخدم لتحسين تحويل الفضلات العضويه لانتاج مواد افضل . في وسط درجه حرارة معتدله هذة العلمية تجري باستخدام كائنات دقيقة و ديدان الارض . تتغذى ديدان الارض على الفضلات العضوية و تمر عبر النظام الهضمي لها و تنتج ما يشبه الشرنقه المطحونه و التي تعرف ب (السماد الحيوي ) ( vermicomposting )

ببساطه , السماد الحيوي هو فضلات الديدان , و يطلق عليها القالب ( الصب )casting  والتي تستطيع ان تحسن صفات التربه الفيزيائية و الكيميائية و البيولوجية , الافرازات الكيميائية للجهاز الهضمي لديدان الارض قادرة على تكسير المواد العضوية في التربه , و بالتالي فان القالب casting  يحتوي على عناصر غذائية اكثر من تلك الموجودة حالا للنباتات .

كيف ننتج السماد العضوي؟

هناك مجموعه واسعه من المخلفات العضوية و التي يمكن تحويلها الى سماد عضوي مثل القش , و سيقان الاشجار و الاعشاب و الاوراق وغيرها , وهناك خيارات اخرى لانتاج السماد العضوي مثل فضلات الماشية , و زبل الدواجن , مخلفات الالبان , و الفضلات الناتجه عن الصناعات الغذائية , و الجزء العضوي من فضلات محطات التنقية , و بقايا قصب السكر , والتي يتم هضمها في محطات الغاز الحيوي  و غيرها .

 ديدان الارض تستهلك المخلفات العضوية وتقلص حجمها بنسبة  40 – 60 %. كل دودة من ديدان الارض تزن 5. الى 6. جرام , تهضم نفايات مكافئة لحجمها و تنتج فضلات  cast  بما يعادل 50 % من النفايات التي تستهلكها يوميا . كمية الرطوبه في القوالب التي تنتجها الديدان تتراوح بين 32 و 66 % و ph  حول ال 7 . مستوى المغذيات في السماد للتربه تعتمد على مصدر المواد الاوليه وحسب نوع ديدان الارض .

هناك 3600 نوع من ديدان الارض و التي تنقسم الى نوعين burrowing  ) ديدان حفر الخنادق في الارض و النوع الاخر ديدان بدون خنادق , انواع الديدان الحمراء , مثل (ايسينيا فيوتيدا ) Eisenia Foetida   وهي الاكثر فعالية في انتاج السماد .

اما الديدان التي لا تحفر الخنادق مثل burrowing  non- ) تاكل ما نسبته 10% من التربه و 90% من النفايات العضويه , وهي الديدان التي تحول النفايات العضوية الى سماد عضوي اسرع من الديدان التي تحفر الخنادق , تستطيع ان تتحمل درجات الحرارة من 0 الى 40 درجه مئويه ,ولكن القدرة على التجديد تقع في حرارة 25 الى 30 درجه مئويه و برطوبه تقدر بنسبة  40-45 في الكومه .

تتميز ديدان الارض التي تحفر الخنادق بتحركها ليلا على سطح التربه , وهي تصنع فتحات في التربه تصل الى 3.5 متر و تنتج 5.6 كغم من  ( فضلات الديدان ) من خلال هضم ما نسبته 90 % من التربه و 10 % من الفضلات العضويه .

انواع السماد الحيوي تعتمد على كمية الانتاج و مكونات  السماد  , و مشاريع ذات مقاييس صغيرة يمكن موائمتها مع متطلبات الشخصية لبعض المزارعين يمكن ان تنتج من 5-10 طن من

السماد الحيوي سنويا , من ناحية اخرى , المشاريع التي تكون على نطاق واسع فان السماد الحيوي يتم عمله على نطاق تجاري من خلال اعادة التدوير لكميات كبيرة من الفضلات العضويه في محطات حديثه وتنتج مئات الاطنان من السماد الحيوي سنويا .

تطبيقات السماد الحيوي

ان فضلات الديدان تحتوي على كميات كل من كميات كبيرة  و مغذات دقيقة اكثر من سماد الحديقه , بعيدا عن المغذيات الاخرى , فضلات الديدان الدقيقة غنية ب NPK  وهي ( النيتروجين و الفسفور و البوتاسيوم ) وهي متوفرة بشكل جاهز ويتم توزيعها بعد شهر من التطبيق .

السماد الحيوي يحسن نمو النباتات , ويمنع انتشار الامراض بين النباتات , و تزيد من ازدهار النشاطات الميكروبية في التربه , وتحسن امتصاص التربه للماء و تهوية التربه .

السماد العضوي مفيدا من الناحية البيئية من خلال الاستغناء عن السماد الكيماوي ويقلل من كمية النفايات التي يتم ارسالها الى مكبات النفايات .

السماد الحيوي اصبح رائجا على مستوى العالم و انتشر اكثر في الدول الغربيه و دول الباسيفيك ومناطق جنوب غرب اسيا .

وهناك منتج خديد من السماد الحيوي ويسمى ( شاي ) السماد الحيوي وهو سائل ينتج من خلاصات المواد العضوية , و الديدان الدقيقه , و المغذيات من السماد الحيوي . وعلى خلاف السماد الحيوي و السماد الاخر , هذا السائل يمكن استخدامه مباشرة على اوراق الاشجار وذلك لتحسين مقاومة الاشجار للامراض , ويمكن استخدام سائل السماد الحيوي مع السماد لزيادة النشاطات البيولوجية للنباتات .

السماد الحيوي يمكن ان يباع بكميات كبيرة او يغلف في اكياس تحتوي كميات و انواع مختلفه من السماد و مزيج التربه . الاسواق التي تبيع الادوات الزراعية , ومتعهدي انشاء المساحات الطبيعية , البيوت الخضراء , وكل من يسوق للمواد الزراعيه و المهتمين فيها.

ترجمة: المهندسة رنا الحجايا

حاصله على الماجستير في هندسة مصادر المياه و البيئة ,و حاصله على الدبلوم المتخصص في العمل الاجتماعي للاجئين و المهاجرين من الجامعه الالمانية . مواليد الكرك عام 1977  وهي من المهتمين في المشاريع البيئية و خاصه مشاريع المياه , سبق ان عملت كرئيسة بلدية لدورتين و هي من الناشطات في المجال السياسي و البيئي , لها العديد من المقالات السياسية و الاجتماعية . و عملت كمستشارة لتنمية المجتمع المحلي و البيئة و كعضو ناشط في العديد من الجمعيات الخيرية.

The Menace of Plastic Water Bottles

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It is common to see people greatly misuse plastic water bottles considering it free, taking a bottle, sipping it half and throwing it away. These used and partially consumed water bottles are then collected and thrown away in municipal garbage bins from where  it is collected and transported to landfills and waste dumps. These water bottles thus have a high carbon footprint and represent enormous wastage of precious water source and misuse of our other fragile resources. In many cases, these water bottles are being littered around the commercial and religious places.

water-bottles-middle-east

Plastic water bottles are a common feature in our urban daily life. Bottled water is widely used by people from all walks of life and is considered to be convenient and safer than tap water. A person on an average drinks around 2.0 liters of water a day and may consume 4-6 plastic bottles per day. UAE is considered as the highest per capita consumer of bottled water worlwide.

We need to understand that plastic is made from petroleum.  24 million gallons of oil is needed to produce a billion plastic bottles. Plastic takes around 700 years to be degraded. 90% of the cost of bottled water is due to the bottle itself. 80% of plastic bottles produced are not recycled.

Globally, plastic recycling rate is very low and major quantities of plastics are being disposed in the landfills, where they stay for hundreds of years not being naturally degraded. Recycling one ton of plastic saves 5.74 cubic meters of landfill space and save cost of collection and transportation.

Water bottles manufacturing, transportation, distribution and again collection and disposal after its use create enormous pollution in terms of trash generation, global warming and air pollution. The transportation of bottled water from its source to stores alone releases thousands of tons of carbon dioxide. In addition to the millions of gallons of water used in the plastic-making process, two gallons of water are wasted in the water purification process for every gallon that goes into the plastic bottles. Purified water from under sink reverse osmosis system is the best alternative of plastic bottled water.

The first step is that once you open a water bottle, you need to complete consume it to fully utilize the resource. Do not throw the plastic bottles as litter. The solution to the plastic bottles usage lies in its minimum use and safe disposal. Alternatively, a flask, thermos or reusable water bottle can be used which can be refilled as required. It is suggested that religious places, hotels and malls should have efficient water treatment plants to reduce the use of plastic water bottles.

How Environment, Stress, and Loneliness Intersect

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The factors that play a part in the status of our wellbeing are more vast and complex than many of us realize. So often, when we think about what it means to take care of our health or to be healthy, we think of behaviors like physical activity. While it’s true that these factors matter, and while movement and other standard health practices can promote mental health as well as physical health, they don’t always tell the full story or do the whole job when it comes to taking care of ourselves. How might the environment, stress, and loneliness impact our wellbeing, and what’s the intersection between the three?

How Environment, Stress, and Loneliness Intersect

Environment, Stress, and Loneliness

The commonality between these seemingly unrelated topics is that they can all have a significant influence on our health. Based on research, here’s what we know:

  • Poor quality environment, ongoing stress, and loneliness all predict a higher risk of early mortality.
  • Poor quality environment, ongoing stress, and loneliness all predict a higher risk of heart disease.
  • Poor quality environment, ongoing stress, and loneliness all predict a higher stroke risk.
  • When factors like loneliness and stress pair with low socioeconomic status, which often ties with a lower-quality environment and higher pollution, health risks may increase more.
  • Stress, loneliness, and poor quality environment may all affect focus.
  • Like stress and loneliness, poor quality environment may heighten the risk of depression symptoms.

What determines a poor quality environment in research? In many of these studies, poor environmental quality references or refers to air quality specifically. This means that air quality, as well as subjects like food deserts and access to clean drinking water, both of which also link to aforementioned health determinants such as an increased mortality risk, are vital topics for public health officials to address. Stress can also magnify or increase the impacts of air pollution.

Manage Stress And Beat Loneliness

Although there are many health-impacting factors we cannot control, there are some factors that we can control or mitigate. Here are some known ways to help oneself manage stress and beat feelings of loneliness:

1. Spend time in green spaces

Research indicates that time outdoors but particularly time in green spaces can aid stress reduction. This is also a way to access safe, healthy social activities in many cases. Taking hikes, gardening, walking outdoors, and other outdoor activities can all be supportive of mental and physical health.

spending more time in green spaces

2. Volunteer

Volunteering shows great potential for supporting the health of individuals. Those who engage in volunteer work opportunities may experience an increase in happiness, reduction in depression symptoms, decreased loneliness, and lower stress levels.

An added benefit is that you can help the world in a way that you’re passionate about; as an example, you can engage in volunteer activities that support the environment, like a local campaign or cleaning your neighborhood. This way, you get to take care of yourself and those around you while creating a better and healthier world. It can feel proactive, promote social skills, and may even boost self-esteem. 

3. Socialize with other people

It may be predictable to say that socializing can help mitigate loneliness, but there are other positives as well that could be less expected. Socializing is actually known to help individuals manage stress, so social ties, particularly those positive in nature, are vital for health. Taking courses to integrate a new skill or acquire information about something you are interested in, involvement in community activities, and joining a support group are three examples of possible avenues for social connection.

4. Get mental health care

Mental health in the form of therapy is proven by research to support stress management and can also help those who face concerns like loneliness. A therapist can help you find solutions, give you a safe space to talk about stress or anything else that’s on your mind, and support you as you work to meet goals.

How Mindfulness Can Support Sustainability

Some therapists offer low or sliding scale rates or work at clinics that provide access to free or low-cost services. You may be able to find someone to work with who offers low rates by searching the internet for options in your area, by asking your community, or through a referral from a medical professional.

Conclusion

Many factors can promote health or provide health risks. It’s crucial to examine full picture, to care for both physical and mental health, and to support communities who face environmental concerns such as high air pollution. Mental health care, like physical health care, should be made accessible and can promote overall wellbeing.

How Does The Environment Impact Memory and How to Protect Your Memory?

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Many of us know that the environment we are in can affect our health. Factors like access to clean drinking water, air quality, and whether or not we live in a food desert or a safe place to spend time outdoors influence our well-being in many capacities that relate to both the body and the mind.

According to health.gov, 12 million people who either inhabit or attend work in an unhealthy environment die due to this fact on an annual basis. Poor heart health, breathing problems, and mental health symptoms affiliated with certain conditions are higher risks for those living in an unhealthy or unclean environment. How, though, does the environment impact memory specifically? Today, we will discuss what the research says and talk about some ways to potentially protect memory. 

How Does The Environment Impact Memory

How Does The Environment Impact Memory?

Memory is something that many of us take for granted until it starts to decline. It may not be something we think about much until our capacity to remember starts to reduce or it begins to affect our lives and the lives of those around us.

Research on the environment and memory says that, even with other factors in mind, like whether or not someone smokes cigarettes and socioeconomic status, air pollution increases the likelihood of a type of dementia called Alzheimer’s. Exposure to poor air quality during one’s childhood can even affect someone later in life, including with regard to cognition.

The unfortunate part about this is that we don’t exactly have control over the quality of air we breathe. You can find a map of air quality rankings in the middle east that operates in real-time here: https://aqicn.org/map/middleeast/.

Other factors, like family history, are incredibly important to take into account when it comes to memory, memory loss, cognition, and disease across the board. These are also, of course, things that we don’t have full control over. What a person can do is protect their memory in the ways they can.

How to Protect Your Memory?

What can you do to protect your memory, even if only to some extent? As shown by research, here are some ways to protect your memory:

1. Use activities to stimulate the mind

According to a North American organization called the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP), activities like using the computer, playing games, and even potential hobbies like arts and crafts can help make a person less likely to develop memory problems. Reading, gardening, baking, and music also seem to have a potential positive effect.

2. Manage stress

Like air quality and other environmental factors, higher stress levels are linked to Alzheimer’s and other concerns or conditions related to cognition and memory. 

3. If possible, remain physically active

Not everyone is able to engage in all or most physical activities. However, if there is a way that you can get your body moving, it is shown to support memory. Various types of movement, like yoga and walking are shown to boost memory. Tailor physical activity to your ability so that it suits your body. A reduction in both physical and mental stress markers is also a possible result of physical activity.

green living tips for seniors

4. Connect with other people

Quality social interaction and social bonds are linked to improved overall physical and mental health, but some research shows that it can also help protect memory. Social interaction can be found through support groups, classes, community activities, and more, in addition to the interaction you have with existing friends and family members.

5. Employ other health-promoting actions

Health-promoting actions and behaviors that may link to better memory include but are not limited to not smoking cigarettes, consumption of nutritious food, and meditation.

If you do experience memory problems, or if someone you know does, know that it’s not your fault or theirs. These are unfortunately common, and all those studies show links between memory and certain potential choices or behaviors, it is not something we can prevent in many cases. Instead, supporting them and providing a positive and engaging environment like senior living with memory care can make a difference. As the world rapidly changes, it is essential to prioritize activities, habits, and proper support to help the elderly get the appropriate care to maintain their cognitive health as they age.

Need Help?

Difficulty with memory, whether it impacts you or someone you love, can be devastating. It’s important that you have support in place to help you care for yourself mentally and physically. If concerns related to memory arise in your life, make sure to speak with a medical professional who can help. Various medical and mental health conditions can impact memory. Your doctor may be able to determine a potential underlying cause, provide advice or guidance, and refer you to a specialist if needed.

How Towns Can Rebuild After a Wildfire

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Wildfires are horrific natural disasters that can devastate individual households and large communities alike. By definition, wildfires, also known as wildland fires, are known to ravage combustible wildland vegetation areas. Depending on the incident, a wildfire can destroy natural forests, negatively impact soil fertility and water cycles, or even threaten the health of those residing nearby the ignition point.

In terms of cause, different events can ignite wildfires, ranging from human-caused to naturally occurring. Arson, equipment malfunctions (i.e., automobile accidents), unattended campfires, discarded cigarettes, and burning debris are all culprits of human-caused wildfires. On the other hand, natural fires result from lightning strikes, meteors, volcanic eruptions, etc.

wildfire-destruction

Climate change also plays a direct role in the rising temperatures and drought conditions capable of sparking disastrous wildfires. While natural bushes, shrubs, and trees might not usually be considered hazardous, in arid conditions, these underwatered grasses and leaves serve as fuel for raging wildfires.

Unfortunately, cities around the world have been negatively impacted by wildfires, both physically and financially. The secret to overcoming wildfire-related devastation is to devise a well-thought-out plan that can help you rebuild and move on as a community. For farming communities, companies like Granite Seed offer resources to help recover lost vegetation and crops.

Below are some tips that towns recovering from wildfires should implement in order to rebuild successfully. Don’t submit to the ruinous effects of naturally-occurring and human-caused wildfires. Demonstrate resilience and fight back.

1. Implement safety measures

An essential part of rebuilding after a wildlife is preventing the possibility of future fires and other calamities. Town leadership should work hand-in-hand with its citizens to identify affordable yet efficient prevention measures. These safety measures may include heat-activated alarms in central installations and audio alarms.

When proposing possible safety precautions, note that the strategies employed should be enticing to the public. In most cases, affordability will appeal to even the most skeptical homeowners in your city, meaning the installation shouldn’t be expensive.

2. Put up temporary housing

Sadly, some town residents will become homeless as a consequence of catastrophic property damage. With this displacement in mind, it’s vital to provide a temporary home for residents who can’t relocate.

You’ll need to construct these temporary homes in specific places, such as open fields or areas away from the fire zone. Most cities opt for tents, which are easy to assemble, affordable, and act as temporary houses for many families.

Account for your region’s climate when debating between tents and other sturdier structures. Those areas experiencing colder daily averages, severe weather, or plummeting nightly temperatures should reconsider a tent contingency plan.

prefab-structure-temporary-housing-wildfire

3. Set up a cushion for the poor and vulnerable families

In most town fire cases, low-income households are the most directly affected, as most town fires start in densely-populated areas, such as slums. Having a safety net program in place can go a long way in protecting those disadvantaged communities in the case of a natural disaster.

The World Bank has set a framework that instructs towns and local governments to cater to minoritized groups’ needs during construction-based initiatives. According to the experts, involving the disabled and the less fortunate in the building process can yield life-changing results.

4. Plan and provide resources

After a wildfire, central government forces and the international community will pressure these local governments to finalize a rebuilding strategy and enact necessary policies. During the rebuilding phase, local government officials will need to demonstrate and track community progress.

While speed is vital, as these wildfires pose health risks and leave hundreds of families homeless, hurried construction puts the recovery process at risk if proper schedules and timelines are not put in place and met. Devote the time necessary for planning and avoid jumping headfirst into the rebuilding portion.

After providing temporary shelter, the first step should be to fulfill your community’s needs by establishing medical centers, hospitals, and institutions responsible for food distribution during the recovery period. Once a community member’s needs are satisfied, they’ll feel more inclined to help others dealing with medical crises or financial stress, encouraging a community mindset.

5. Cushion funds and insurance roll-out

In the case of town fires, there’s a high likelihood of small business destruction. Local governments should make it easy for these small business owners to bounce back after rebuilding by equipping them with loans and grants. The same incentives should be allotted to homeowners to help them overcome the financial strain resulting from the natural disaster in question.

Conclusion

With the above pointers put in place, it’s also important to note that the residents should feel like they’re contributing to the rebuilding process’s success. Generally speaking, these initiatives will have a more significant positive impact when they’re community-owned and community-driven.

What is a Fire Tornado?

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Now you might be hearing about fire tornados with the more frequent wildfires firing up across the parts of the globe. You will be familiar with the wind tornados. These fire tornados are similar in that they a whirling wind but induced by the heat of a raging fire. These fire tornados can also transport smoke and ash, and even flames of fire up though the atmosphere.

fire tornado

Just as (wind) tornados have a variety of names  such as twister and wind devil, fire tornados have a comparable range of names including fire devil, fire whirl, fire swirl and fire twister. The fire whirl starts with a whirl of wind carrying smoke and/or ash. They occur in the vicinity of wildfires where the intense heat from the fires is caught up in the turbulent wind flows creating swirling eddies of extremely hot air. These heat eddies swirl inward on itself creating the tornado-like vortex. This vortex is like a funnel sucking up debris and burning embers,  carrying along flames and even combustible gases that in turn are able to intensify the fire systems.

Generally, these are not ‘true’ tornados in that the vortex in most cases, does not extend from the land surface right up to the base of the clouds. Secondly, the vorticity is derived from surface winds and requires heat-induced lifting. In contrast, the tornados that spin off hurricane systems are driven by the tornadic cyclonic systems in the upper air streams.

The fire whirls are being observed and recognised as a phenomena with a higher occurrence rate this century than over the previous century. The occurrence of this phenomena was first recorded as far back as the 1870s in Wisconsin, USA. The frequency of the observation of these events continues to increase with sizeable and violent fire whirl was observed and recorded in the Canberra fires in Australia in 2003. The occurrence of a fire whirl was recorded in the Port Hills wildfires of Christchurch, NZ in 2017, in the Carr Fire in California in 2018.

Then in the Loyalton Fire in California and Nevada in 2020, the U.S. Weather Service issued the first-ever warning of potential risk of a fire tornado from a pyrocumulonimbus system resulting from a massive wildfire event. This was an occasion viable of producing a fire tornado.  Presently, there are fire whirls observed and being recorded in the present fires in the Palisades wildfires in the Los Angeles area in 2025.

This is a growing field in pyrotechnic hazards that is extremely challenging to secure real and reliable sources of data on a very complex phenomena that is placing human life and dwellings at extremely high risk in highly dangerous conditions.

A Glance at Waste-Free Economy

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Growth from trashing the planet was never a clever idea and linear economics has now reached the end of the line. The ‘more is better’ economy does not need to be stimulated to grow nor constrained from growing. It needs to be entirely replaced by ‘positive development’ in which markets work to automatically, systematically make things better both locally and globally. The folly of endless resources extraction, endlessly unmet human needs and endless waste dumping can end. Linear economics can be replaced by ‘circular economics’.

circular-economy

Waste-Free Growth Model

A switch towards waste-free economy would preserve and regenerate material value and natural capital instead of losing it, so growth would work to build the physical basis for more growth. So long as this happens soon enough, there is no end-point; growth that preserves the resources on which it depends may expand with no theoretical limit to the monetary value of final services that can be produced from a given physical resource input.

The future for growth is circular economics where greater economic activity would mean a faster pace of change away from waste-making and towards looking after the world and all its inhabitants.

What is Circular Economy

In a circular economy profits, jobs and growth come not from extracting, moving, shaping, selling and dumping ever more resources, but from the work done and value created by handling resources with sufficient care that ecosystems and total natural resources actually expand, making it possible to meet human needs everywhere.

There would still be unwanted materials to ‘get rid of’ but they would not end up accumulating in ecosystems, they would instead be regenerated as new resources for the Earth and for the economy.

There are no material or non-material human needs that inherently require resources to be lost as wastes in ecosystems. The daunting gulf between the current waste-making economy and tomorrow’s waste-free economy may be reimagined as a vast exciting source of work, jobs and growth.

Making the Switch

The activities needed to switch from linear to circular economics include work on resources, such as doing more with less, cradle to cradle design, doing without accumulating toxins, local recycling and composting everywhere, and reversing the global loss of ecological productivity. Envisage taking the loose ends of the linear economy (extraction and dumping) and joining them together so the new circular economy gains a reliable feedstock of resources.

circular_economy

Abundant energy, arriving free-of-charge from outside the biosphere would provide the thermodynamic input to run circular economics and the potential for regenerating existing accumulations of waste (such as GHG) into new biological and geological resources. Most of the perceived ‘limits of nature’ are limited only by linear economics.

Major Ingredients of Circular Economy

The activities needed to switch to circular economics also include non-technical work to create suitable societal conditions such as inclusiveness, sharing and co-operation. A linear economy, with diminishing resources and prospects, inevitably invites alienation, hoarding and conflict – as if the game is for everyone to grab what they can while it lasts.

A circular economy would not need to sell people things they don’t need so radical shifts of culture are invited, such as social status defined by sharing rather than hoarding. Genuine hope for the future could cut urges to indulge in crime, corruption and cheating. Our innate human values of compassion could expand to include all people and all life, with massive economic benefits that are barely imaginable today.

العدالة البيئية – جوهر الإسلام

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لكل إنسان  الحق في التمتع ببيئة نظيفة وصحية .الجانب الأكثر أهمية في كفاحنا الأزلي ضد التلوث البيئي هو العدالة البيئية. حيث يُعد موضوع العدالة البيئية من أهم المواضيع بالنسبة للمجتمعات المهمشة وذات الدخل المنخفض والنائية أيضاً حيث تتحمل هذه المجتمعات عبئًا لا يتناسب معها بسبب التلوث الصناعي.

كانت الحملات الشعبية التي قدتها سابقاً الاقليات العرقية والمجموعات ذات الدخل المنخفض هي التي وضعت السمات الواضحة لحركة العدالة البيئية في جميع أنحاء العالم. لقد أثبتت العدالة البيئية أنها قادرة  على توفير الحماية من خلال التوزيع العادل للمنافع البيئية لجميع شرائح المجتمع.

environmental justice in islam

في العقود القليلة الماضية اكتسب توزيع المنافع البيئية، مثل المساحات الخضراء والهواء النظيف وتقليل التلوث والمياه النظيفة، أهمية أكبر لجميع سكان المدن. نتيجة لذلك، تحولت العدالة البيئية إلى مُخرج أساسي للأنظمة البيئية، متضمنةً بذلك وصول الشعب إلى البيانات البيئية، وتحسين نوعية الحياة من خلال المساواة في الوصول إلى المنتجات البيئية، والأهم من ذلك، المحافظة على الموارد الطبيعية للأجيال القادمة.

العدالة البيئية متأصلة في التعاليم الإسلامية حول الاستدامة البيئية . وبالحقيقة فإن المسلم هو خادم لجميع المخلوقات، ولديه مسؤولية خاصة تجاه العناية بالبيئة. حسب الشريعة فإن عناصر الطبيعة مثل؛ الأرض والماء وضوء الشمس والغابات، تنتمي إلى جميع الكائنات الحية، وليس فقط الإنسان العاقل. لقد مُنح البشر حرية استغلال الموارد الطبيعية على أساس الوصاية مع الوعد بعدم الإفراط في استغلالها أو إتلافها أو تدميرها.

وهنا تسلط المبادئ الإسلامية – بموضوع العدالة البيئية – الضوء على التوزيع العادل للمنتجات البيئية (الهواء والماء والتنوع البيولوجي والغابات وما إلى ذلك) بين جميع المجتمعات والجماعات، بغض النظر عن الدين والعرق والمجموعات الاجتماعية والمنطقة.

في الإسلام، كل إنسان هو حامي للطبيعة، ويجب أن يعيش في وئام مع المخلوقات الأخرى. وهذا يعني أن على كل مسلم احترام البيئة ورعايتها والعناية بها، والامتناع عن الاستغلال او التفريط بالمنتجات البيئية وإتلاف عناصر الطبيعة بشكل متهور، بما في ذلك الغابات والمسطحات المائية والتربة والهواء.

الإسلام يكره الفساد بجميع أنواعه، بما في ذلك الفساد البيئي، كالتلوث الصناعي، والأضرار البيئية، والاستخدام المتهور للموارد الطبيعية. بالنسبة للمسلمين، فإن العدالة البيئية ليست واجبًا دينيًا فحسب، بل هي أيضًا التزام اجتماعي.

Balance of Nature in Islamic Teachings

أعطى النبي محمد (صلى الله عليه وسلم) أهمية عالية للصحة البيئية، والزراعة المستدامة للأرض، وتقليل النفايات، والمعاملة الإنسانية للحيوانات، والحفاظ على الغابات وحماية الحياة البرية. وكان ينهى عن الاستهلاك المفرط والبذخ و يشجع الاعتدال في جميع مناحي الحياة.

في الختام ، فإن العدالة البيئية تعتبر جزءاً لا يتجزأ من المعتقدات الإسلامية. بصفتنا رعاة بيئيين لكوكب الأرض، و يجب أن نستخدم نعم الله بطريقة عادلة ومستدامة لضمان توفرها للأجيال القادمة.  نحن أوصياء على مخلوقات الله جميعًا، بما في ذلك الأرض والهواء والماء والحيوانات والأشجار، ونتحمل المسؤولية الكاملة عن استخدامها والحفاظ عليها بشكل مستدام.

يؤكد القرآن الكريم والشريعة الإسلامية والأحاديث النبوية الشريفة على العدالة المناخية للجميع، وتأسيس واستدامة بيئة صحية ونظيفة خالية من جميع أنواع الفساد، بما في ذلك التدهور البيئي الناجم عن النشاط البشري.

ترجمه – ماجدة هلسة

ردنية متعددة الاهتمامات، لديها من الخبرة ما يناهز العشرون عاماً في مجالي المالية والإدارة في المؤسسات المحلية والدولية وتعمل ماجدة حالياً مع الوكالة الألمانية للتعاون الدولي كموظفةٍ ماليةٍ. ومع ذلك كله وعلى الصعيد التطوعي، فإن لديها شغفاً كبيراً بالترجمة في كافة المواضيع والمجالات، وقد بُني هذا الشغف بالخبرة الشخصية والعملية على مر السنين

النفايات البحرية

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بدأت قضية النفايات البحرية في وقتنا الحالي بإكتساب بعض الإهتمام بعد أن كانت قضية مهملة لفترة طويلة من الزمن. تتكون النفايات البحرية من خليط متنوع من المواد ذات المصادر المختلفة وعليه فإن استخدام طريقة واحدة للتعامل معها لا يوفر حلول فعالة لهذه القضية.من أبرز الأمثلة للمخلفات البحرية الأكثر شيوعاً: معدات الصيد سواء المتروكة أو المراد التخلص منها أو الضائعة من أصحابها، ومواد التعبئة والتغليف البلاستيكية (من زجاجات واغطية واكياس تسوق… الخ) بالإضافة لمواد التصنيع الأولية للبلاستك. إن تقيم الجدوى الاقتصادية للتعامل مع هذه القضية من خلال جمع هذه المواد من البحار للتخلص منها، مقارنة بكلفة منع إلقاء المخلفات في المقام الأول يكشف عن وجود فجوة مقلقة عند التعامل مع هذه المشكلة.

حجم المشكلة

تعتبر معدات الصيد المهجورة والمراد التخلص منها أو الضائعة من أصحابها من أكثر النفايات البحرية المتسببة في الضرر حيث أن هذه المعدات تستمر بالإضرار ببيئة المحيطات وحجز حرية الحيوانات البحرية والقضاء عليها حتى بعد أن ينتهي عمر المعدات الافتراضي. تتواجد شبكات الصيد بأعداد كبيرة وخصوصاً في المناطق المتعارف عليها للصيد مما يجعل إمكانية التعامل معها والتخلص منها ممكن ولكن وحتى في هذه المواقع الساخنة فإن هذه الجهود تعتير مكلفة وتقع على عاتق جهة من خارج القطاع (Third Sector).

إن وضع خطة ذات كفاءة وجدوى (من حيث التكلفة والدعم المقدم من مرافق المرفأ والشاطئ) للعمل على جمع الشبكات وإعادة تدوير التالف منها وتمويل جهود استرداد العناصر المتبقية يجب أن لا يكون على حساب الجهود المبذولة لمنع التخلص من معدات الصيد كنفايات في البحار.

يعتقد أن 80٪ من النفايات البحرية ذات منشأ أرضي ويبدو واضحاً أن هنالك تدفق مستمر للمواد والعناصر بين البيئات الأرضية والبحرية، حيث من الممكن أن تتسبب الفيضانات في زيادة تدفق النفايات من الأنهار إلى البحار. وفي حين تتسبب العواصف في تحريك وإثارة المحيط الأمر الذي يؤدي إلى ظهور النفايات في كميات أكبر من المعتاد على الشواطئ من المحيط.

السيطرة على المشكلة

تعتبر مواد التعبئة والتغليف البلاستيكية واحدة من أكثر المواد تواجداً ضمن النفايات البحرية ولها آثارها الخطيرة على الحياة البرية البحرية؛ فمن الشائع أن تقوم الطيور باستهلاك كميات كبيرة من أغطية الزجاجات والعلب بلاستيكية معتقدة أنه غذاء، كما يشيع استهلاك السلاحف البحرية لأكياس البلاستك معتقدة أنه قنديل البحر(Jellyfish). وقد تم تسجيل الكثير من حالات الضرر من زجاجات المشروبات البلاستيكية حيث تتسبب بحبس وتشوهات لكثير من الكائنات البحرية. 

وتمتد هذه المشكلة وآثارها إلى أبعد من ذلك؛ حيث أن تحلل البلاستيك إلى جزيئات صغيرة يتيح الفرصة لاستهلاكها كغذاء من قبل الكائنات الحية الصغيرة وقد اثبتت الدراسات الحديثة أن العوالق (Plankton)  تستهلكها مما يؤدي لدخولها إلى السلسة الغذائية ووصولها لأجسامنا عن طريق استهلاكنا للأسماك التي يتواجد البلاستك فعلياً في أنسجتها.

رغم الضجة الاعلامية حول المخططات الفاعلة لتنظيف دوامات المحيط في غضون خمس سنوات، فإن تحلل المواد يجعل جمعها واستردادها تقريباً مستحيل. قد يكون وزن جزيئات النفايات البحرية البلاستيكة في المناطق ذات التركيز العالي اكبر من وزن العوالق (Plankton) بنسبة 6:1 ولكن عمليات التنظيف من سطح المحيط على نطاق واسع سوف تعمل أيضا على حصاد أعداد كبيرة من العوالق النباتية والحيوانية والعديد من الكائنات الحية الأخرى التي تعيش هناك.

تعيش الغالبية العظمى من الكائنات البحرية قرب السطح ولذا فعلينا القلق من خطر الإخلال بالتوازن في  في السلسلة الغذائية البحرية ككل، فنحن لا نريد التخلص من صغار العوالق مع كميات المياه المزالة نتيجة تلوثها بجزيئات البلاستيك. في حين أن جهود جمع النفايات قد تكون قادرة على إزالة كميات من مواد  التغليف البلاستيكة، خاصةً ذات الحجم الكبير، إلا أن هذه الطريقة لا يمكن أن تكون فاعلة في التعامل مع كافة الأنواع ولا نستطيع اعتمادها كحل لمشكلة النفايات البحرية.

إن التحدي الحقيقي يكمن في منع وصول النفايات في المقام الأول إلى المحيط وليس في تنظيفها بعد أن تكون قد تسببت بالضرر. أثبتت إجراءات فرض الرسوم على استخدام الأكياس البلاستيكية وبرامج الحوافز المالية فاعليتها في الحد من كميات النفايات على اليابسة وبالتالي المساعدة في التقليل من وصولها للبحار والمحيطات.

الجهود المستقبلية

لا يوجد في الطبيعة تفاعلات فعّالة تعمل على إزالة وتحليل النفايات البحرية، وهذا يتلازم مع زيادة مستمرة بشكل كبير في تدفق النفايات إلى المحيطات ويتفوق على أي وسيلة بشرية للتعامل معها. إن الطريقة الوحيدة لمعالجة هذه القضية هو بالحظر والمنع لعمليات طرح النفايات في المقام الأول وتفعيل التدابير الموجودة لمنع التلوث عند المصدر.

إن من أبرز الأمثلة على هذه الإجراءات والتي أصبحت حالياً منشرة على نطاق واسع؛ هو فرض رسوم على أكياس النقل أحادية الإستخدام، بالإضافة للترويج لإجراءات لا تزال غير منتشرة على نطاق جغرافي واسع مثل برامج الرديات للمستهلكين (كنوع من الحوافز المالية) والعمل على إستهداف عدد أكبر من مواد التعبئة والتغليف ضمن هذه البرامج.

 

ترجمة: ربى عجور

مختص رئيسي في مركز دراسات البيئة والمياه

الجمعية العلمية الملكية-الاردن