مقدمة في عملية التسميد

By | |
1 Comment

composting-arabicإن عملية التسميد هي  عبارة عن تفاعل معقد بين النفايات والكائنات الحية الدقيقة المتواجدة داخلها . الكائنات الدقيقة التي تنفذ هذه العملية تنقسم إلى ثلاث مجموعات: البكتيريا والفطريات، والفطريات الشعاعية . الفطريات الشعاعية هي شكل من أشكال البكتيريا مثل الفطريات التي تفتت المواد العضوية .المرحلة الأولى من النشاط البيولوجي هو استهلاك السكريات المتوفرة بسهولة عن طريق البكتيريا، مما يسبب ارتفاعا سريعا في درجات الحرارة . تليها  المرحلة الثانية التي تسبب فيها  البكتيريا والفطريات الشعاعية  انهيار السليلوز . المرحلة الأخيرة هي المرحلة  المعنية بإنهيار اليغنينس “lignins” الصلبة من قبل الفطريات .

الحلول الوسط لهذه العملية تتخلص  بالتسميد بكلفة منخفضة دون التهوية الإجبارية ، أما تكنولوجياً استعمال أنظمة أكثر تقدماً باستخدام الهواء و الحرارة كتغذية إجبارية . النباتات الأساسية في عملية التسميد  قادرة على  التعامل مع أكثر من 100.000 طن سنوياً  من النفايات القابلة للتحلل ، ولكن عادة ما تكون سعة النبات  حوالي 10.000 إلى 30.000 طن سنويا.

يجب فصل النفايات القابلة للتحلل قبل عملية  التسميد: نفايات الطعام النقية فقط  ، نفايات الحديقة، ورقائق الخشب، وبعض الورق حسب مدى مناسبته لإنتاج نوعية جيدة من السماد . ويمكن تصنيف منهجية التسميد هذه إلى ثلاث أقسام  رئيسية  : السماد اللاهوائي ، الكمر الهوائي، و التمسيد بواسطة الكائنات الحية الدقيقة ” مثل الديدان ” . في التسميد اللاهوائي، تتحلل المواد العضوية في غياب الهواء .  و من الممكن جمع المواد العضوية في حفر و تغطيتها  بطبقة سميكة من التربة وتركها من ستة إلى ثمانية أشهر .  السماد الذي تشكل ليس بالضرورة أن يكون قد تحول بشكل تام ربما سيحتوي على بعض  تكتلات  ” aggregates ”  .

الكمر الهوائي هي العملية التي يتم من خلالها  تحويل النفايات العضوية بوجود الهواء  إلى سماد أو مغذي للسماد  ، ويمكن أن تكون من أنواع مختلفة. الأكثر شيوعا هي طريقة التكويم، حيث تقسم المادة العضوية إلى ثلاثة أنواع مختلفة، ثم توضع في حفرة كومة فوق الأخرى و تغطى بطبقة رقيقة من التربة الجافة أو الأوراق . تحتاج هذه الكومة إلى أن تخلط كل أسبوع ، وتحتاج حوالي ثلاثة أسابيع ليأخذ التحوّل منحاً جدياً . هذه العملية تقريبا نفس طريقة الحفرة، ولكنها تحتاج حفراً مخصصة . ينبغي القيام بالخلط كل 15 يوماً ، وليس هناك وقت ثابت لتأكيد جاهزية السماد .

يستخدم بيركلي الطريقة التقنية و كثيفة المجهود كما أن لديه متطلبات دقيقة للمواد التي يتم تحويلها إلى سماد . المواد القابلة للتحلل بسهولة، مثل العشب، والمواد نباتية، وما إلى ذلك، يتم خلطها  مع فضلات الحيوان بنسبة 1:2  . و يجهز السماد عادة في غضون 15 يوماً .

يتضمن التسميد بواسطة الكائنات الحية الدقيقة استخدام ديدان الأرض كمفاعلات و محفزات حيوية لعملية التسميد . ويتم ذلك في حفر مصممة خصيصا حيث يحتاج دودة الأرض الى التكاثر و تكوين مجتمعات حيوية  أيضا. التسميد بواسطة الكائنات الحية الدقيقة  هو خيار قائم على الدقة ويتطلب الإشراف على العمل من قبل خبير . كما أنه خيار عالي التكلفة .

composting-qatar

على كل حال , خلافاً للخيارين أعلاه هي عملية عديمة الرائحة مما يجعلها الخيار الأفضل للمناطق السكنية .  كما أن  نسبة  تحويلها للمواد إلى سماد عالية للغاية ، لذلك جودة المنتج النهائي عالية جدا مع  وجود مغذيات دقيقة  والمغذيات صغيرة ايضا .  يحتوي المنتج النهائي أيضا على ميزة أنه يمكن أن يجفف ويخزن بأمان لفترة أطول من الزمن.

يحتاج تسميد النباتات إلى بعض أو كل الوحدات التقنية التالية: الفتاحات الحقيبة، فواصل مغناطيسية و / أو الباليستية، غرابيل (منخل)، القطاعات، معدات المزج و الخلط ، ومعدات التحويل وشبكات الري، وأنظمة التهوية وأنظمة الصرف الصحي، المرشحات الحيوية ، وأجهزة الغسيل، وأنظمة التحكم، وأنظمة التوجيه.

تحدث عملية التسميد عندما تتراكم النفايات القابلة للتحلل جنبا إلى جنب على شكل  هيكل يسمح لانتشار الأوكسجين مع محتوى المادة الجافة مسببا بيئة مناسبة لنمو الميكروبات.  درجة الحرارة تزداد بزيادة الكتلة الحيوية وذلك بسبب النشاط الميكروبي وخصائص عزل المواد المكدسة . غالبا ما تصل درجة الحرارة من 65 درجة مئوية إلى 75 درجة مئوية في غضون بضعة أيام ثم تنخفض ​​ببطء. هذا الارتفاع في درجة الحرارة يعجل القضاء على مسببات الأمراض وبذور الحشائش.

  ترجمة 

علا محمود المشاقبة , حاصلة على درجة البكالوريوس تخصص ” إدارة الأراضي و المياه ” من الجامعة الهاشمية – الأردن بتقدير جيد جدا , أعمل تطوعيا كعضو إداري مع مجموعة ” مخضّرو الأردن JO Greeners”  منذ ثلاثة سنوات و حتى الأن  , و متطوعة أيضا مع منظمة  EcoMENA  . موهبة الكتابة شيء أساسي في حياتي و قمت بتوظيفها في كتابة و خدمة القضايا البيئية 

ترشيد الطاقة في المساجد

By | | , , , ,
Leave a comment

المسجد هو المكان الذي يستخدمه المسلمون للعبادة ولتأدية صلواتهم على مدار السنة، إضافة الى الدور المحوري الذي يلعبه في المجتمع الاسلامي. تعمل المساجد ضمن جدول زمني محدد ومرتبط بمواعيد الصلوات اليومية الخمس الممتدة على طوال اليوم، وتستغرق كل فترة صلاة من 30 الى 60 دقيقة وهي تختلف من مسجد لاخر، وقد تطول فترة بقاء المصلين في المسجد اكثر من المعتاد في بعض المواسم والصلوات مثل صلاة الجمعة وصلاة العيدين وشهر رمضان. في السنوات الأخيرة اصبحت المساجد شديدة الاستهلاك للطاقة نظرا لإستخدام مكيفات الهواء وسخانات المياه والإنارة وغيرها من الاجهزة الكهربائية. لقد تطور الشكل العمراني للمسجد نتيجة الموقع الجغرافي والبيئة والعوامل المناخية المحيطة، ومع ذلك يمكن تصنيفه من حيث الحجم والموقع وفق ثلاثة انواع :المسجد المركزي الكبير، والمسجد الجامع ومسجد الحي او المصلّى.

تتمثل الأحمال الكهربائية الاساسية في المساجد بأجهزة تكييف الهواء والإنارة وسخانات المياه والتدفئة ومراوح التهوئة ومكبرات الصوت، اضافة الى بعض الثلاجات ومبردات المياه. لذلك يمكن الأخذ بالاعتبار عدة تدابير لتوفير الطاقة وبالتالي الحد من فواتير الكهرباء التي تتكبدها المساجد. فيما يلي العديد من التجارب المضمونة التي تساعد في حفظ الطاقة في المساجد وتحويلها الى مساجد خضراء وصديقة للبيئة:

  • الخلايا الشمسية الكهروضوئية

ان استغلال سطح المسجد بتركيب أنظمة الطاقة الشمسية الكهروضوئية يمكن أن يلبي الاحتياجات من الطاقة بشكل جزئي او كلي، هذا ان لم نقل تصدير الفائض الطاقة المُنتجة وبالتالي تأمين مدخول مادي اضافي للمسجد؛ مع العلم ان مساحة سطح المسجد بالعادة تكون كبيرة بما فيه الكفاية ومسطحة وخالية من العوائق التي تمنع وصول اشعة الشمس للخلايا.

  • المكيفات عالية الأداء

ان استخدام المكيفات ذات الكفاءة العالية، والتي لديها عدد اكبر من مؤشر النجوم الدال على قدرة التكييف مقارنة مع استهلاك الكهرباء، كفيلة بخفض فاتورة الكهرباء الشهرية وتقديم خدمة تبريد افضل للمسجد، مع الأخذ بالإعتبار ان اجهزة التكييف قد تم اختيارها او تصميمها من قبل مختصين ووفقا لحاجة المسجد الفعلية، وان أعمال الصيانة الوقائية تنفذ دوريا.

  • منظم الحرارة الذكي (ثيرموستات)

تركيب منظم حرارة متطور لوحدات التكييف وضبطه على درجة حرارة متوسطة، ومبرمج وفق جدول زمني معين بحيث يرتبط بأوقات الصلاة، مع امكانية التحكم به عن طريق الانترنت، ويكون مزودا بحساس استشعار لعدد الاشخاص داخل المسجد لتشغيل اجهزة التكييف بالطريقة المثلى ووفق ما تقتضيه الحاجة لتوفير جو مريح للمصلين.

  • الإنارة بتقنية أل إي دي (LED)

يعتبر هذا النوع من المصابيح من احدث التقنيات الموفرة للطاقة في مجال الإنارة، بحيث يستهلك طاقة أقل بنسبة 90٪ من اللمبات التقليدية المتوهجة، ويتمتع بعمر تشغيلي أطول، وآمن بيئيًا ، ويعكس الألوان بشكل افضل وينتج حرارة أقل.

  • حساسات الحركة والإشغال

تعتمد هذه الحساسات على حركة الأشخاص او تواجدهم داخل المسجد، وبالتالي تتحكم في تشغيل او ايقاف الأنوار ووحدات التكييف وفق المنطقة المأهولة فقط.

  • الستائر الهوائية

ستارة الهواء عبارة عن جهاز يدفع الهواء بواسطة مروحة داخلية ليخلق حاجزًا هوائيًا غير مرئي عند المدخل، وذلك ليفصل بين مساحتين مختلفتين في درجات الحرارة مع ابقاء المجال مفتوحا امام الاشخاص للعبور.

  • النوافذ الزجاجية المزدوجة

إن تركيب النوافذ ذات الزجاج المزدوج المضغوط يشكل عزلا حراريا جيدا مع المحيط الخارجي، فيقلل من تدفق الحرارة المتبادلة بين داخل المسجد وخارجه، وبالتالي يقلل من الطاقة المستخدمة في عمليات التدفئة أو التكييف، مما يؤدي بدوره إلى خفض فاتورة الكهرباء للمسجد.

  • أنظمة الطاقة الشمسية لتسخين المياه

ان تسخين المياه خلال فصل الشتاء يستهلك كمية هائلة من الطاقة الكهربائية، لذلك فإن التحول من نظام كهربائي أو نظام يعتمد على الوقود إلى نظام يعمل بالطاقة الشمسية سيوفر الكثير من الطاقة ويخفض فاتورة الكهرباء ويقلل من الانبعاثات والاحتباس الحراري.

  • تقسيم المناطق داخل المسجد

الفصل داخل المسجد بين المنطقة المستخدمة يوميًا والمناطق الأخرى نادرة الاستخدام، وذلك عن طريق إضافة حواجز أو جدران او ستائر شفافة لحصر المكان واستخدام الأحمال المطلوبة فقط في محيط معين.

  • ضوء النهار الطبيعي

يمكن تقليل تكاليف الاضاءة خلال النهار وذلك بالسماح للضوء الطبيعي من دخول المسجد من خلال فتحات النوافذ المتوفرة عادة في الجدران او الأسطح او القباب، وهذا يؤدي الى زيادة الراحة والتركيز وخلق بيئة صحية وهادئة للمصلين في المسجد.

  • إعادة إستخدام المياه الرمادية

المياه الرمادية هي المياه الناتجة من أحواض الوضوء ومغاسل اليدين وغرف الاستحمام، فهي مياه منخفضة التلوث ويمكن إعادة استخدامها في ري المزروعات والنباتات والأشجار المحيطة بالمسجد.

  • حساسات كشف تسرب المياه

يعتبر تسرب المياه من المشاكل الشائعة في العديد من المساجد، مما يؤدي الى هدر كميات كبيرة من موارد المياه النظيفة والطاقة، ولضمان الإستخدام السليم والآمن والفعال لهذه الموارد لا بد من استخدام أجهزة كشف التسرب والقيام بأعمال الصيانة الدورية للمناطق المعرضة.

الخلاصة

المسجد هو المكان المثالي بالنسبة للمسلمين لعكس تعاليمهم الدينية المتعلقة بالحفاظ على البيئة وحفظ الموارد الطبيعية. فإذا تمكنا من تحويل المسجد من بناء شديد الاستهلاك للطاقة إلى بناء صديق للبيئة وموفر للطاقة، فسيكون من السهل اعتماد أسلوب حياة معتدل وبناء مجتمع واع بيئياً.

Top Eco-Friendly Roofing Options for Your House

By | | , ,
1 Comment

Costs, performance, and design take priority when homeowners embark on a construction project. While these factors are important, it’s important to consider other underlying factors which are important as well. Sustainability is fast gaining traction in the construction industry due to unending advantages to the house owner and the environment. Below are top eco-friendly roofing solutions for your house:

green-roof

1. Green Roof

No, a green roof isn’t about the color of the roof. Instead, it’s about the vegetation and plants on it. Interesting, huh? Well, apart from the beauty it bestows upon the property it’s installed, another advantage is heat absorption.

This roof acts as an extra layer of insulation which serves to trap the heat, thus regulating the building’s temperature. In turn, this will reduce your energy costs. In fact, according to a certain study, this roof shows it can reduce energy consumption by up to a staggering 75 percent.

green-roof-benefits

This is good news if you live in an urban area since it’ll also block the heat from other buildings and the population. Another advantage is you can plant vegetables on the roof. Therefore, you’ll have access to fresh produce, which translates into a healthy lifestyle.

The only disadvantage is the purchase and installation price which may be out of reach for many aspiring homeowners. Besides, the installation process requires an expert roofing company to install because the roof needs specific structural support.

2. Metal Roofs

If durability, longevity, and performance take center stage, then metal roofs take the top spot. Furthermore, you can choose from a wide variety of available materials including tin, copper, steel, and aluminum among others.

No matter the season, metal roofs are up to the task. After installation, these roofs can last up to 50 years. What’s more, they are insect and fire resistant, thus making them suitable for both commercial and residential use.

The best part about metal roofs is they are energy-saving and recyclable. Thus, making them eco-friendly and a great investment. You may also consider using aluminium guttering as aluminium is high resistance to corrosion. When considering roof repair vs replacement, it’s important to evaluate the extent of damage and the long-term benefits of each option.

3. Cool Roofs

The name says it all. These roofs boast of blocking ultraviolet rays from the sun thanks to the colors used. As such, less heat reaches your home’s interior.

This move will see you save tons of money you’d have otherwise used on purchasing and installing cooling machines. Cool roofs also join the fight against carbon emission. Since you don’t have to use cooling machines, you’ll reduce the energy consumption in your home. On durability, these roofs last long since they don’t absorb as much heat from the sun as other roofs.

4. Rubber Shingle Roofs

If you’re on a tight budget, then this roof is your best bet. Not only are they cheaper than other roofs but also easy to install and maintain. You can also choose a design and color which suits your personality.

Rubber shingle roofs are also durable and resistant factors such as rot. Another advantage is its insulation capabilities which will save you money on energy bills. Don’t let budget versus durability get the better of you. Rubber shingle roofs provide a solid answer.

5. Wood Shake

Also known as cedar shakes, these roofs stand out with their unrivaled beauty. They scream class and ooze elegance, thus luring anyone who sets eyes on them. However, there’s more to the beauty than what meets the eye.

Wood shakes are strong and durable. In fact, you can rest easy for 40 years with regular maintenance. What’s more, you’ll enjoy stress-free months in your new home thanks to reduced energy costs. The roof offers insulation making it an energy-efficient roof.

While this roof offers durability, it comes at a high cost. In addition, you’ll have to deal with frequent plant growth and insect infestation which may cause damages if not attended to on time. Nevertheless, the wood comes treated so you can worry less about these factors.

6. Solar Roof

This roof is similar to slate and asphalt shingle roofs. The only difference is the shingles on solar roofs can convert light into electricity, thus providing energy solutions. Installing requires technical expertise since they need a layer of supporting material not forgetting they are electric components.

rooftop-solar

A downside to this roof-type is the initial costs. However, you stand to gain long-term benefits including lower power bills and reduced carbon emissions.

7. Clay Roofing Tiles

Clay roofing tiles add character to your property besides visual appeal. Furthermore, you stand to save money on power bills thanks to its ability to insulate the property as well as reflecting heat from the sun. You don’t have to worry about durability because clay roofs last longer. In addition, they are also waterproof.

Some downsides include the weight which requires a strong support structure to avoid collapsing. This presents added costs on labor during installation.

Bottom Line

Green is the way to go and with eco-friendly roofing material, the world will be a better place. Nevertheless, it’s vital you take your time to arrive at a suitable roofing type depending on your preferences and budget. If you feel overwhelmed, contact a roofing expert to guide you through the process.

The Importance of Environmental Education for Children

By | | ,
1 Comment

Environmental issues are one of the major problems of today’s world. We’re living in an era where the Earth is jeopardized on different levels, and the efforts we’re putting in to change that don’t seem to be enough. We’re struggling with preserving our planet, and we need to address that issue over and over again. In addition, we need to be more active and involved in changing our behaviors in order to be environmentally conscious.

Many people seem to forget that everything starts with an individual. You don’t have to be part of an environmental movement or organization in order to contribute. It’s always welcome, but not necessary. In essence, changing some of your everyday habits and raising awareness of the environmental issues is a great way to start. Same goes for children – teaching them the basics and employing quality environmental education can go a long way. Together, we’re going to look at the main reasons why environmental education for children is crucially important.

environmental-education-arabic

What Are the Biggest Environmental Issues?

Before we move to the education of children, let’s take a step back and remind ourselves what are the biggest problems our plant is currently facing. It’s important to keep ourselves aware of the population’s major issues.

Here are the biggest environmental issues:

  1. Air, Water and Land Pollution
  2. Global Warming
  3. Waste Disposal
  4. Deforestation
  5. Climate Change
  6. Overpopulation
  7. Species Extinction

The list can go on but you get the picture. It’s clear that we’re at a critical point in which we need to stay united in order to preserve our planet.

What is Environmental Education?

Environmental education refers to teaching and learning everything there is to know about our planet, it’s resources, nature, and sustainability. It’s a process of gaining awareness of the issues and learning how to solve them.

Let’s break down environmental education to its basic components. Here’s what it’s all about:

  • Raising awareness of the environmental issues
  • Gaining factual knowledge
  • Changing people’s mindset
  • Gaining skills to act on the problems
  • Inspiring people to inspire others

This kind of education is simply mandatory if we plan on solving the environmental issues and saving our planet. Without the education and raising awareness, people won’t have the knowledge to realize how serious the issues are.

environmental-education

Schools, Take it to Another Level!

Schools need to work on improving the environmental education and taking it outside of the biology classroom.

There are government funds and Environmental Education Grants you can apply for. You need a good plan and a detailed project description, and you can make some wonderful changes in your school!

Make sure your application essays are top-notch. If you need help with editing or proofreading, you can find it in online writing services such as RatedByStudents or HotEssayService.

Starting Early

We’ve reached a critical point when it comes to environmental issues. There’s no time to waste and we need to take action as soon as possible.

Given the situation, it’s only natural we educate our children about the concerns and problems we’re facing.

Children need to learn about environmental issues from the earliest age, in order to gain valuable insight and avoid adopting bad habits. Here’s a couple of important things that children need to understand:

  • the concept of preserving the nature
  • the importance of being environmentally active
  • their role in making a difference
  • their behavior affecting the rest of the world

By starting the environmental education early, we create a healthy mindset in our children. We don’t allow bad habits to even be created, let alone take over the good ones.

Awareness and Knowledge

Kids need facts. We need to give them the knowledge necessary for understanding what is happening in their surroundings.

Environmental education teaches them about:

  • major environmental issues
  • what causes the issues
  • how they can help to solve the issues
  • what is their role in the system

Once children are properly educated and informed, they are ready to be a part of the global fight for environment preservation.

They’ll start raising the awareness of others. They’ll start contributing to the global movement as individuals.

Adopting New Habits

Environmental education for children is not just about the theoretical knowledge. On the contrary, it’s about answering the following question:

  • What can you DO in order to help save the planet?

In other words, environmental education is about taking action. Children get the chance to adopt new habits and employ them in their everyday life.

They learn about:

  • recycling
  • riding a bike instead of their parents driving them
  • planting trees
  • turning off the light and unplugging appliances
  • planting a garden
  • avoid plastic bags and use reusable ones instead
  • eating less meat and more fruits and veggies
  • wasting less

Children will carry their habits home and continue living in an environmentally- friendly way. The habits they adopt ones will stick to them forever, and help them be a part of a better, more aware and more active generation.

waste-management-Children

Using environmental issues in student learning shows children the bigger picture

Inspiring Others

Kids are great influencers, and we can learn a lot from them. Changing their routine might affect their family members, friends and peers to do the same.

In other words, by educating the children, we educate everyone around them. They’ll be the ambassadors of environmental awareness.

They can influence their parents to:

  • drive less
  • quit smoking
  • save energy
  • properly dispose of trash
  • adopt new habits

By giving a good example, children will become environmental educators themselves.

Volunteering and Taking Action

The best part about environmental education for children is that they get the chance to do good, help others, make changes and contribute the overall mission of reducing everything that’s making our planet polluted and at risk.

They can participate in:

  • cleaning natural surfaces
  • environmental awareness workshops
  • recycling movements
  • ecological restoration
  • marine conservation

Give Your Kids a Chance to Love Environment

Environmental education isn’t strictly tied to the school. It doesn’t end once the bell rings. Kids need to learn to implement their knowledge in other spheres of their life. Their family needs to support them.

If you have kids, find a way to keep them thinking about the environment outside of school and contribute its preservation. You can:

  • Send them to environment summer camps

A great way to spend the summer: making new friends, acquiring new skills and helping save the environment.

  • Help them organize a local environment event

Your kids can organize an event such as cleaning the local river or park, collecting plastics and disposing of it properly or donating for an environmental cause.

  • Have them participate in an essay-writing contest about the environment
    If your kids like to write, they can participate in a contest and share their environmental vision with others. They might even win a prize.

Conclusion

Environmental education is important for everyone. The more we know about the ways we damage our planet, the quicker we can change and adopt new habits. We need to start from ourselves and move on to inspiring others.

The children are the future, which is why it’s necessary to pass on the knowledge onto them. By starting as early as preschool, environmental education will shape the mindset of your children and make them environmentally aware and responsible. That will inspire them to make smart choices and good decisions. And that is a kind of generation we need!

How to Make Hunting Better for the Environment

By | | , ,
Leave a comment

Being environmentally-conscious and adopting an eco-friendly lifestyle is definitely a growing trend that is rapidly spreading across various layers of our society. A lot of the modern hunters are people who embrace an eco-friendly way of living just as much as they are interested in hunting. Therefore, it’s important to understand whether hunting can be eco-friendly and what steps need to be taken.

wildlife-jordan

The question of environmentally-conscious hunting is complex. On the one hand, it is about improving current regulations and making certain changes that will have a positive impact on nature and the future of our planet. On the other hand, hunting itself can be seen as a sustainable activity, as a return to a more natural way of living, compared to purchasing meat at the grocery store.

Although there are many vehement opponents to hunting, there are ways in which hunting can continue as an activity, as long as it is controlled and well regulated, while actually contributing to the overall wellbeing of the environment.

1. Follow the Rules and Respect Hunting Laws

The first and crucial step toward eco-friendly hunting is being aware of all the hunting regulations that apply to each area and following the appropriate rules. Establishing hunting seasons with firm delimitations, according to the specificity of each country and area, has been one of the most important steps for protecting wildlife.

Hunters need to be fully aware of interdictions and laws that are specifically implemented in the area where they intend to hunt. It’s best to do proper research before planning a hunting trip, in order to make sure that hunting regulations are not violated.

2. Keep Your Hunting Equipment in Check

Choosing the appropriate firearm, crossbow and tripod stand is another important aspect of eco-friendly hunting. Ethical hunting means selecting the appropriate type of weapon for each type of game, in order to be effective without causing unnecessary agony. Also, keep in mind that the industry of hunting gear and equipment is consuming a lot of natural resources.

Having a few, but top-quality pieces of equipment is better for the environment than constantly adding cheap accessories to your hunting pack, that are not durable and have higher costs over time. Wearing the right attire is another significant thing to keep in mind. More and more eco-friendly options are available for modern hunters.

3. Stay Close to Home

Avoiding long-distance hunting trips in favor of local areas is a great way to minimize the impact of hunting on the environment. Any kind of travel simply means burning more fuel and, therefore, contributing to the depletion of natural resources and global warming. Although it can be more difficult, try to research and find hunting opportunities as close to home as possible.

Being more involved in your own community and taking responsibility for your choices also include understanding the local environment and its particular needs. Instead of going for a particular type of game, regardless of the distance and impact on the natural habitat, green conscious hunters select their target based on local needs.

qatar-wildlife

For example, if there is a wild pig problem in the area, hunting will act as an effective control method, as opposed to ignoring this problem and choosing a random hunting target.

4. Avoid Any Waste

Waste products that are being inappropriately discarded all over the woods are still one of the biggest issues when it comes to protecting our forests and wildlife. Responsible hunting includes leaving zero waste during and after any hunting session. Hunters already carry heavy packs and wear heavy gear.

However, they need to also have specific bags for gathering any garbage and disposing of them according to regulations.

Local regulations should also reinforce the obligation of not leaving any waste behind, for hunters specifically. Waste has a huge negative impact on the environment and we are seeing that even the most remote, wild areas in the mountains are becoming suffocated with discarded garbage.

Cleaning up after themselves and maintaining a waste-free hunting area are important characteristics of modern hunters.

Hunting and Sustainable Development

Hunting and green living can definitely coexist if simple but firm steps are taken. The bigger question is, however, whether hunting can contribute to a more sustainable way of living in the future. Considering that the current meat industry is one of the biggest polluting factors in modern society, going back to hunting seems to be a good option.

Compared to the entire process of industrially obtaining and distributing meat, hunting has a less negative impact on the environment. However, the possibility of actually replacing meat in the supermarkets with game, as a contribution to sustainable food, seems infeasible.

On the other hand, without healthy wildlife, there would be no more hunting. Therefore, efforts should be directed toward sustaining our natural environment and the development of wildlife.

All You Need to Know About Ocean Acidification and its Impacts

By | | , , ,
5 Comments

The relentless rise in the percentage of atmospheric carbon dioxide since the Industrial Revolution is a well-known fact. Carbon dioxide is considered as one of the key players among the greenhouse gases that has contributed the most towards global warming, the current hot topic among environmentalists, scientists and even politicians. Another key issue is increasing being discussed nowadays is Ocean Acidification. Ocean acidification is an ongoing change in the chemistry of the ocean caused primarily by the ocean’s absorption of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

acidification-water-bodies

What is Ocean Acidification

Around 1/4th of the carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere via various processes either natural or artificial, is absorbed by the ocean. Initially, the scientists assumed it to be an eco-friendly process since it reduced the carbon dioxide percentage in the atmosphere, but like any other natural processes or mechanisms once the threshold is crossed, the actual threat reveals itself.

When carbon dioxide dissolves in seawater, the water becomes more acidic and the ocean’s pH drops. Even though the ocean is immense, enough carbon dioxide can have a major impact. In the past 200 years alone, ocean water has become 30 percent more acidic—faster than any known change in ocean chemistry in the last 50 million years.

Consequences of Ocean Acidification

Ocean acidification increases the amount of energy needed by many small marine organisms in constructing their carbonate shells and structures. In some places it will become impossible for these organisms to live as the seawater will turn corrosive to the shells and skeletons of numerous marine organisms, affecting their reproduction and physiology.

Squid are the fastest invertebrates in the oceans and require high levels of oxygen for their high-energy swimming. Increasingly acidic oceans interfere with the acidity of a squid’s blood and consequently the amount of oxygen that it can carry. Squid are important prey for many marine mammals, including beaked and sperm whales. Squid fisheries are also the most lucrative fishery around the world generating millions of dollars in revenues each year.

Tiny swimming sea snails called pteropods are considered the ‘potato chips of the sea’ as they serve as a critical part of the arctic marine food web, ultimately feeding whales and other top predators. Pteropod shells are expected to dissolve in acidity levels predicted by the end of this century and may not be able to survive. Population crashes or changes in the distribution of pteropods would have serious implications for some of the most abundant marine ecosystems.

Within the next few decades, the chemistry of the tropical oceans will not sustain coral reef growth while large parts of the polar oceans will become corrosive to calcareous marine organisms. Marine research shows that brittle stars, who act as important burrowers and as food items for flatfish, could face a severe population decline due to the rise in acidity. The adults might lose muscle mass while regenerating their arms and most of the larvae won’t survive.

Apart from ecological issues, the decline in quality and quantity of several species indeed affects the economies that rely heavily on the fisheries sector, thereby incurring heavy losses. Also regions with seafood as staple will hit numerous bottlenecks like food shortage, health issues etc.

Scientists and Monaco Declaration

The Monaco declaration represents 155 marine scientists from 26 countries, who met at an Ocean Acidification Conference in October, 2017. According to the Monaco Declaration, even though the overall ecological impact of CO2-induced acidification is unclear, the plight of these species affects the food supply for countless predators worldwide; including humans and this ripple effect throughout marine ecosystems could be disastrous. The scientists urged governments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and dedicate more resources to understanding acidification.

Surface ocean acidity has increased 30 percent since the Industrial Revolution. The level of acidity, measured in pH, currently appears modest – a 0.1 decrease of surface ocean pH worldwide, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Yet some scientists may already be noticing the effects of acidification. Australian researchers reported last year that sea snails in the Southern Ocean are forming thinner shells in recent years. The regions dependent on the Mediterranean Sea like MENA and other European countries, have recorded a serious decline in the quality of its aquatic food and ecotourism.

Similarly, researchers recorded more than 20 percent drops in the skeletal density of some Great Barrier Reef corals. According to the Monaco declaration, “By mid-century, ocean acidification may render most regions chemically inhospitable to coral reefs”. The IPCC also predicts acidification could cause a 0.4 decrease in ocean surface pH by 2100.

Based on current trends, acidification will likely be more severe at higher latitudes than near the equator. The declaration also notes that geo-engineering schemes – plans that would alter the environment intentionally in order to reduce the effects of climate change – are unlikely to address ocean acidification.

In theory, an attempt to deflect solar radiation would regulate the amount of sunlight that reaches Earth. But this would not reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere or oceans, scientists say. Scientists have also discussed plans to spread greenhouse gas-absorbing algae throughout the ocean. But even if the algae reduced carbon dioxide in the air, the gases would then be stored under the sea.

The European Project on Ocean Acidification (EPOCA) is aimed at organizing research efforts across the European Union. In the United States, Congress is considering legislation that would develop a plan for ocean acidification research and monitoring.

The Way Forward

This issue deserves to be discussed on the same forum as global warming and climate change as these issues share a critical common factor – carbon dioxide. The consequences of ocean acidification are more than enough to have the policy makers draft amendments after amendments in the current environment protection laws and regulations and ensure their stringent execution. Communication between the different stakeholders is crucial: scientists, policy makers, CEOs, businessmen, traders, bankers, international organizations and NGOs.

Through environmental education and training, the population can be informed and included in adaptive capacities. To convince people about ocean acidification risks, scientific facts may be disseminated on a mass scale. The masses should know that the phenomena is amplifying year after year because the effects are cumulative and that it is really urgent to find mitigation and adaptation solutions for ocean acidification.

5 Eco-friendly Projects You Can Do At Home

By | | ,
1 Comment

The planet is our home and hence we need all hands on deck to maintain it. One of those ways is to carry out projects in our homes that are considered green and eco-friendly. Now, if you’re ready to create your woodworking projects, here are 5 eco-friendly project ideas you should consider.

1. Kitchen Facelift – Adding a Jar Herb Garden

Are you worried that your kitchen cabinet is old and needs improvement? You need not worry since cabinetry works are mostly DIY and can be done in your backyard or any open space.

For this, you would need a tool like a band saw. This can help you cut wood and shape it right. There are a lot of brands in the market, but going through the internet can help you make the best choice suitable for you.

An eco-friendly way of adding a new and eco-friendly look to the kitchen is by using leftover wood to create a little herb garden close to the kitchen window. This would not only improve aesthetics but also add fragrance depending on the herb you plant.

herb-garden

2. Buy Used Furniture

Good furniture shops offer customers well and fair deals on used furniture. Purchasing used furniture helps in reducing the waste that accompanies making new ones. You can again implore the use of different woodworking tools to modify or carry out finishing touches in your furniture.

3. The Installation of Solar Panels

As more people become environmentally conscious, the idea of solar energy is embraced day by day. One of its many benefits is saving energy that goes into producing electricity.

rooftop-solar

With the development n technology, Installing solar panels are largely safe.  The benefits are pretty obvious. For one, you’re contributing to the environment by using off the grid power generated by the sun.

4. Installation of Toilets that Have a Low Flow

By using low-flow toilets in one year, the average family of four can save up to 22,000 gallons of water, which translates to nearly $100 in savings on your annual water bill. This helps in the conservation of water even leading to lower bills.

5. Add Larger Windows and Doors

This is mostly done with wood due to its house’s cooling effect. Apart from that, it encourages the entrance of natural light, meaning you can save more on electricity while receiving fresh air.

Conclusion

If you like to get your hands dirty and put in the work to make your home more eco-friendly, then you should definitely check out these eco-friendly project ideas. Asides from band saws, there are other home construction equipment and tools that can help you get the job done easier. Whether you’re handling mechanical or electric equipment, remember to always prioritize your safety.

تكنولوجيا طاقة الرياح

By | |
1 Comment

سعي الانسان للاستفادة من طاقة الرياح قديما، وأول تسجيل لهذا الاستخدام يعود الى دولة البابليون في العراق لاستخدامها في الري قبل حوالي 3700 سنة.  أيضا، هنالك بعض الاثار لقيام الانسان باستخدام طاقة الرياح في طحن الحبوب قبل حوالي 2600 سنة. كان استخدام القدماء لهذه الطاقة تبعا لمقدرتهم على للوصول بالتوربين الهوائي لارتفاعات منخفضة تتسم بضعف تيار الهواء وتغايره الكبير. اما الاستخدام الحديث لتوليد الكهرباء فلم يبدأ الا في نهاية السبعينيات من القرن المنصرم في الدنمارك، عندما فطن الى قوة تيار الهواء على ارتفاعات أعلى.

wind-energy

 ولكن لماذا يكون الهواء عند ارتفاعات عالية؟ ولماذا يتغاير بشكل يختلف من موقع الى اخر؟ يكمن الجواب في ان حركة الرياح تتم بشكل عام نتيجة لفرق ضغط الهواء بين منطقة وأخرى. عندما تسقط الاشعة الشمسية فانه تسخن طبقات الجو المختلفة والتي تحتوي على الهواء، بحيث يصل التسخين في منطقة خط الاستواء أقصاه وعند القطبين يكون اقل بشكل كبير، وتنخفض كثافة الهواء كلما زادت درجة الحرارة. الهواء عند منطقة خط الاستواء ذو الكثافة المنخفضة نسبيا يرتفع الى الأعلى وينتشر بشكل في طبقات الجو العليا، مما يكون ذات ضغط منخفض عند منطقة خط الاستواء، مما يدفع الهواء من القطبين للحركة نحوه.

من جهة أخرى، وبسبب دوران الأرض حول نفسها، تتحول الرياح المتجهة من خط الاستواء الى القطب الشمالي الى اليمين او عكس عقارب الساعة، وتتحول الرياح المتجهة من خط الاستواء الى القطب الجنوبي الى اليسار او مع عقارب الساعة، ويكون هذان التحولان في خطوط شبه مستقيمة. تسمى هذه الظاهرة بتأثير كوريولس، على اسم مكتشفها العالم الفرنسي جوستاف كوريولس في عام 1835.

اما التغاير وعدم الاستمرارية في سرعة واتجاه الرياح فتحدث بتفاعل الرياح مع عوامل محلية، كنسيم البر او نسيم البحر، او احتكاك الهواء مع التضاريس المحلية او العمران مما يحث اضطرابات في تدفق الرياح وتغير في السرعة والاتجاه. هذه الاضطرابات تكون اكبر بالقرب من سطح الأرض وتخف تدريجيا كلما اتجهنا الى الأعلى.

لكي تتم الاستفادة الأمثل من طاقة الرياح، لا بد من اختيار المكان الذي تكون فيه حركة الرياح منتظمة وقوية قدر الامكان على مدار اليوم وأيضا على مدار السنة ولا تتأثر بشكل كبير بالتأثيرات المحلية، وكثافة الهواء فالهواء الحار اقل كثافة ويحمل طاقة اقل. ويكون اختيار الارتفاع بالمفاضلة بين تقدير تكلفة بناء البرج الهوائي والفائدة الاقتصادية المتوخاة من توليد الطاقة الكهربائية من قوة وانتظام حركة الرياح في الموقع والارتفاع.

عند اختيار كلا من الموقع والارتفاع يتم تصميم مكونات البرج الهوائي لتتناسب مع قوة الرياح وارتفاع البرج لتعظيم الاستفادة منهم او تعظيم “عامل السعة” والذي يعرف على انه النسبة بين ما يتم انتاجه بالتصميم بظروف تغير سرعة الرياح واتجاهها الى معدل طاقته القصوى فيما لو انتظمت سرعة الرياح واتجاهها على مدى فترة زمنية معينة. فهو ليس مقياس لكفاءة أداء البرج الهوائي وانما مقياس لفاعلية تصميم التوربين في توليد الطاقة الكهربائية، وهو الأكثر كلفة بين مكونات البرج.

فيتم مثلا اختيار عدد وتصميم اجنحة البرج لكي تجني اقصى طاقة حركية من الرياح، وغالبا ما يكون العدد هو ثلاثة اجنحة واما شكلها ونصف قطرهم فيجب ان يتناسب مع قوتي الرفع والسحب الممكن تعظيمهما بالنظر الى سرعة الرياح، واللتان تؤديان الى دوران الاجنحة المرتبطان بدوار المولد الكهربائي عبر محور قوي. تبعا للمفاضلة بين تعظيم عامل السعة “الممكن” وتخفيض التكلفة يتم تصميم “دوار” المولد الكهربائي.

Islam and Environmental Protection: A Fresh Perspective

By | | , ,
7 Comments

There is an inseparable relation between the environment and our soul. It will be great if Muslims in particular and the wider world in general learn from the Holy Scriptures, like the Holy Qur’an and Hadith, to try to wage an eco-friendly jihad (noble effort) to promote environmental balance and stability. This will be the true jihad to please God and ensure easy entry to heaven, in the existing world, not to speak of the hereafter. Thus, we can taste the bliss of heaven on this planet before we chance upon the eternal paradise.

environmental-therapy

Quran and Environmentalism

The Holy Qur’an offers a completely integrated view of the universe, where the human soul and the environment, mind and matter are all part of one living, conscious whole. Therefore, it exhorts man to live a balanced, moderate and an eco-friendly life without causing any harm to nature. It says, for instance: “And do not commit abuse on the earth, spreading corruption.” (Qur’an, 2:60), and elsewhere: “And do not desire corruption in the land. Indeed, God does not like corruptors.” (Qur’an 28:77).

From the Qur’anic perspective, corruption on the earth is not confined to only political crimes, such as frauds, theft, rape, illegal banking or other prevalent malpractices. Deforestation, dumping toxic wastes and indiscriminate use of pesticides are also grave corruption on the earth and hence brazen violation of Islamic values. This corruption is today rampant at all levels of public and social life in this age of consumerism and covetousness. It is indeed a matter of grave concern for the entire human kind.

Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and Environmentalism

Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) left a noble example of being eco-friendly and going green in his life. He spent his entire life in an eco-friendly effort, helping humankind, caring for other creatures of God, preserving the earth, planting trees and protecting the environment. Right from his young age, he was inclined towards preservation of trees. When he was just 12, he travelled to Syria with his uncle and took shelter under a tree. Today, after more than 14 hundred years, the same tree is still alive in the northern deserts of Jordan. This tree, which sheltered the Prophet, is the only living tree in hundreds of square miles of emptiness. It speaks eloquently of the Prophet’s utmost care for the preservation of trees.

The Prophet was keen on planting trees and exhorted his Companions, too, to do so. He said, “Whoever plants a tree and diligently looks after it until it matures and bears fruit is rewarded” (Source: Musnad).  This saying is sufficient to apprise us of the eco-friendly nature of Islam.  Planting a tree is a sadaqah jariyah (continued charity) in Islam, for the poor and the rich alike. Whenever a human being or even an animal shelters under the shade of a tree or relishes a fruit that it produces, the planter will earn rewards, even after his or her death.

There are more such beautiful traditions of the Prophet that serve as gentle reminders for us to reflect on Islam as an environment-friendly faith. These traditions exhort us to care for all creatures, to protect the environment, to conserve water, to preserve the nature and to care for all living beings, including trees and animals.

  • “If a Muslim plants a tree or sows seeds, and then a bird, or a person or an animal eats from it, it is regarded as a charitable gift (sadaqah) for him.”  (Bukhari)
  • One day Prophet (s.a.w.) passed by Sa`d ibn Abi Waqas (r.a) while he was performing wudu’. The Prophet (saw) asked Sa`d: “What is this wastage?” Sa`d replied: “Is there wastage in wudualso?” The Prophet said, “Yes, even if you are at a flowing river.”(Ibn Majah)
  • Likening a believer with a growing tree, the Prophet (s.a.w.) said: “The example of a believer is that of a fresh tender plant; from whatever direction the wind comes, it bends it, but when the wind quietens down, the plant becomes straight again…” (Bukhari)
  • Considering tree-planting a renewable source of reward, the Prophet said: “If a Muslim plants a tree or sows seeds, and then a bird, or a person or an animal eats from it, it is regarded as a charitable gift (sadaqah) for him.” (Bukhari)
  • Reminding Muslims of how important it is to keep the environment sanitary to maintain the community, the Prophet (s.a.w.) stated: “Beware of the three acts that cause you to be cursed: First, relieving yourselves in shaded places (that people utilise), in a walkway or in a watering place……”
  • Similarly, the Prophet (saw) gave paramount importance to street clean-ups, when he said: “Removing harmful things from the road is an act of charity (sadaqah).” (Narrated by Abu Dharr Al-Ghafari, Riyadh As Saliheen)

State of the Affairs

However, despite this, some Muslims seem unconcerned with the preservation of planet Earth planet, assuming that this duniya (world) is a temporary world that will be fated to doom and destruction at the end.  A hadith is often quoted to support this notion. Prophet Muhammad (SAW) said, “I am in this world like a rider who halts in the shade of a tree for a short time, and after taking some rest, resumes his journey leaving the tree behind.” (Source: Ahmad, Tirmidhi).

The question is: does this hadith tell us that this world is irrelevant, useless or worthless? If the world is like a tree in the desert under which we shelter for a period of time and then move on, then surely we cannot intend to live under it forever. However, a tree is a resting place, offering shade to travellers. Shade is one of the many benefits trees offer. Shade itself is referred to in another hadith.

The Prophet described seven types of people who earn the most-needed shade on the Day of Judgment. For the Prophet of Islam, a tree was not only a resting place, but also an infinite mercy of God that one should leave behind for others.  Shade is an actual expression of the mercy of Allah the Almighty. Hence, the parable of the duniya (world) as a tree under which we stop to rest for a while does not imply that it is worthless.

Besides, the Prophet and his Companions also practically taught us how to protect the rights of animals. They took special care of crippled animals, rescued strays and guarded birds’ nests. One of the Companions was named ‘Abu Huraira’ (‘father of kittens’) because he was very fond of kittens. The Prophet accorded great value to animals.

Driven by his care and compassion for the animals, the Prophet himself narrated a story to his Companions so they could drive inspiration from it: “A man felt very thirsty while he was on the way; there he came across a well. He went down the well, quenched his thirst and came out. Meanwhile he saw a dog panting and licking mud because of excessive thirst. He said to himself, ‘This dog is suffering from thirst as I did.’ So, he went down the well again, filled his shoe with water, held it with his mouth and watered the dog. Allah appreciated him for that deed and forgave him.”

The Companions said, “O Allah’s Messenger! Is there a reward for us in serving the animals?” He replied: “There is a reward for serving any living being.” (Source: Bukhari)

Need of the Hour

There is a pressing need to take a fresh look at all the related Qur’anic verses and the Hadith in an effort to find solutions to the increasing degradation of environment on planet Earth.  It is also of vital importance to revisit other references to explore the wisdom of our faith traditions and find ways to live in full harmony with the environment.

After all, it is the moral responsibility of the adherents of all faith traditions to protect this earth and its climate in accordance with the teachings of our faith traditions. And if we do not take serious steps today to preserve the ecological balance, tomorrow our children will inherit a ruined earth.

Recommended Reading: What Every Muslim Should do for the Planet

What are the Best Renewable Energy Stocks to Invest in?

By | | ,
Leave a comment

The term renewable energy is widely used in the modern age, with this referring to energy derived from sources or processes that are continually replenished.

The most prominent examples of renewable energy include solar, wind and geothermal energy, with the demand for such sources rising continually amid projections that the vast majority of fossil fuels are now “unburnable” if we’re to successfully limit the threat posed by global warming.

At the same time, it’s thought that existing fossil fuel sources will be depleted by 2060 at the current rate of burning, so there’s no doubt that businesses and investors are increasingly in search of viable renewable energy options.

clean energy investment

What are the Best Renewable Energy Stocks to Buy?

In addition to the above statistics, the International Energy Agency (IEA) has also predicted that renewable energy will grow to power 12.4% of the world’s total demand in 2023.

This is approximately one-fifth higher than the 10.3% recorded back in 2018, and this rate of growth is likely to be sustained in the near and medium-term.

But what are the best and most popular renewable energy investment options in 2021? One of the most obvious selections is Ørsted A/S, which is a global offshore wind behemoth that’s worth an estimated $453.80 billion. The Motley Fool’s latest recommendations are solar, hydrogen, and energy storage stocks. The energy sector has been a bright spot in the market this year, with some stocks up double digits over the S&P 500.

The world’s largest offshore wind power developer is responsible for 29% of global installed capacity, while Ørsted also reported stable results in the third quarter of 2020 despite facing a raft of global challenges.

Overall, shares in the company have appreciated in value by 37% since the beginning of 2020, making it a relatively stable investment option in a burgeoning marketplace.

Tesla is another high-flying energy stock, despite a recent price decline that followed the brand’s $1.5 billion investment in Bitcoin (which endured something of a price wobble at the beginning of March).

Despite this, Tesla continues to lead the race on sustainability, with its game-changing technologies revolutionising the automotive industry and helping the brand to branch out beyond electric cars and into energy storage solutions.

To this end, Tesla’s share price has rocketed from $89.01 to a staggering $693.73 in the year ending March 2021, while the company now boasts a total market value of $388.98 billion.

How to Invest in Renewable Energy Stocks and Assets?

Ormat Technologies is another viable investment option for 2021, with this company serving as a unique geothermal business that currently transforms excess heat into power.

wind-energy

This $3.96 billion company offers considerable value at present, as despite a recent share price drop, its stock value peaked at $126.02 on February 10th. This is also an eminently more affordable stock option for investors, and one that could be poised for significant growth in the medium and longer-term.

The question that remains, of course, is how should you invest in renewable energy stocks? Well, aside from targeting single stocks directly, you could also trade broader indices such as Nasdaq and the S&P 500.

These premium indices contain a large and growing number of renewable energy and clean energy stocks, while they can also be traded via so-called “contracts for difference” (CFDs).

This type of investment vehicle enables you to trade renewable energy stocks without assuming ownership of the underlying assets, while also instantly diversifying your portfolio and investment interests.

A Guide to Sustainable Engineering Practices

By | | , ,
Leave a comment

As humanity faces an array of environmental challenges, from climate change to resource depletion, sustainable engineering emerges as a pivotal field dedicated to devising solutions that meet our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. This discipline integrates principles of environmental science with engineering to develop efficient, durable, and economical solutions, minimizing the ecological footprint of human activities.

Sustainable engineering addresses a broad spectrum of environmental challenges. It plays a crucial role in combating climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, in managing waste to prevent pollution, in conserving water and energy, and in protecting ecosystems by minimizing the impact of infrastructure projects.

sustainable engineering

The ultimate goal is to create a balance between societal development and environmental preservation, ensuring a healthier planet for future generations.

The Role of Engineers in Sustainability

Engineers are at the forefront of the transition towards a more sustainable future. Their expertise and innovative thinking are crucial in redesigning and transforming traditional practices into more sustainable alternatives.

Engineers across various disciplines contribute by developing new technologies, optimizing existing processes, and implementing green practices in every project they undertake.

They not only focus on the technical aspects but also consider the social, economic, and environmental impacts of their work, striving for solutions that are viable on all fronts.

Types of Engineers and Their Contribution to Sustainability

As we delve deeper into the realm of sustainable engineering, it becomes crucial to recognize the unique contributions made by different types of engineers.

Each engineering discipline brings its own set of skills, perspectives, and innovations to the table, collectively driving the advancement of sustainable practices.

Civil Engineers

Civil engineers have a significant impact on sustainability through the design and construction of sustainable infrastructure. They work on projects that include green buildings, sustainable urban planning, and the development of public transport systems that reduce dependency on fossil fuels.

Their focus on materials that are both durable and environmentally friendly helps in reducing the carbon footprint of new constructions and in enhancing the energy efficiency of existing structures.

Mechanical Engineers

Mechanical engineers contribute to sustainability by innovating in the field of energy-efficient machinery and systems. They design and develop systems that use less energy, reduce emissions, and incorporate renewable energy sources.

From improving HVAC systems in buildings to developing more efficient manufacturing processes, their work significantly reduces energy consumption across various industries.

Electrical Engineers

Electrical engineers play a critical role in the development and implementation of renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power.

They design electrical systems that optimize the use of these renewables, ensuring that energy production is not only sustainable but also reliable and efficient. Their work is essential in the global transition towards a greener energy grid.

Chemical Engineers

Chemical engineers are at the forefront of creating sustainable chemical processes and materials. They innovate in the development of biodegradable materials, the recycling of waste into useful products, and the creation of chemical processes that minimize energy use and waste production.

Their contributions are key to reducing the environmental impact of the chemical industry and in promoting a circular economy.

Environmental Engineers

Environmental engineers focus on solutions that address water and air pollution, waste management, and environmental restoration. They develop treatment systems for wastewater and polluted air, design waste reduction and recycling programs, and work on restoring contaminated sites.

how companies can become more eco-friendly

Their expertise is crucial in ensuring that projects and processes comply with environmental regulations and in protecting natural resources. The collective efforts of engineers across these disciplines are driving the transition towards a more sustainable and resilient future.

By integrating sustainable practices into every facet of their work, engineers are not only addressing the immediate environmental challenges but also paving the way for a sustainable legacy that will benefit generations to come.

Sustainable Engineering Practices

Sustainable engineering practices are essential for reducing the environmental impact of human activities and promoting a more sustainable future.

These practices span various aspects of engineering and aim to enhance efficiency, reduce waste, and minimize the ecological footprint of projects and processes.

By focusing on energy efficiency, renewable energy sources, sustainable materials, water conservation, and waste management, engineers can significantly contribute to environmental sustainability.

Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Sources

Energy efficiency involves optimizing systems and processes to use less energy to perform the same task. This can significantly reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Engineers play a crucial role in designing energy-efficient buildings, developing more efficient industrial processes, and improving the performance of machines and vehicles.

Incorporating renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, hydro, and geothermal energy, into the energy mix is crucial for reducing dependency on fossil fuels and mitigating climate change.

Engineers design and implement systems that harness these renewable energies, integrating them into the grid and ensuring they are used efficiently and effectively.

Sustainable Materials and Resource Efficiency

The selection and use of sustainable materials are critical for reducing the environmental impact of products and constructions. Engineers are tasked with choosing materials that are not only durable and cost-effective but also have a low environmental footprint. This includes materials that are recycled, recyclable, renewable, or sourced from sustainable practices.

Resource efficiency goes beyond materials to encompass the efficient use of all resources, including water, energy, and raw materials. Engineers develop processes that minimize waste and energy use, promoting a circular economy where resources are reused and recycled, reducing the need for virgin materials and lowering environmental impact.

Water Conservation and Management

Water is a precious resource, and its conservation and management are vital for sustainability. Engineers design systems for collecting, treating, and reusing wastewater, implementing efficient irrigation and water delivery systems, and developing technologies for desalination and water purification, as well as wastewater treatment. These efforts ensure that water resources are used judiciously and that water scarcity and pollution are mitigated.

Waste Reduction and Management

Waste reduction and management are key components of sustainable engineering. Engineers design systems and processes that minimize waste generation through efficient design and operation. They also work on developing effective waste collection, recycling, and disposal systems that mitigate the impact of waste on the environment.

By focusing on the principles of reduce, reuse, and recycle, engineers can significantly lower the amount of waste that ends up in landfills or the environment.

Life Cycle Assessment and Sustainability Metrics

Life Cycle assessment (LCA) is a method used to evaluate the environmental impact of a product or system over its entire lifespan, from raw material extraction through manufacturing, use, and disposal.

Engineers use LCA to make informed decisions about materials, processes, and designs that will minimize environmental impact.

Sustainability metrics are tools that measure the sustainability performance of projects and processes. These metrics help engineers to quantify energy use, water consumption, carbon emissions, and other environmental impacts, providing a basis for continuous improvement and sustainability reporting.

By adhering to these sustainable engineering practices, engineers can lead the way in creating a more sustainable and resilient world. These practices not only help to address the immediate environmental challenges but also set a foundation for long-term sustainability.

Challenges and Future Directions

The path towards fully integrating sustainable engineering practices is fraught with challenges, yet it is undeniably critical for the future health of our planet. These obstacles include economic constraints, resistance to change, technological limitations, and regulatory hurdles.

The initial cost of implementing sustainable technologies and practices can be higher than traditional methods, which can deter investment despite the potential for long-term savings and environmental benefits.

sustainable engineering

Results of research projects and publications in Arab countries are rarely reflected in policies

Resistance to change, both culturally and institutionally, can slow the adoption of innovative solutions. Technological limitations also pose a challenge, as the development and scaling of sustainable technologies can be complex and resource-intensive. Finally, regulatory hurdles can impede progress, as existing laws and standards may not always support or incentivize sustainable practices.

Despite these challenges, the outlook for sustainable engineering is optimistic. Advances in technology, growing environmental awareness, and increasing regulatory support are paving the way for more sustainable practices. The engineering community is increasingly focused on sustainability as a core aspect of innovation, with new materials, technologies, and methodologies being developed at an unprecedented pace.

The push towards a circular economy, renewable energy, and zero-waste manufacturing is gaining momentum, supported by both public and private sectors.

Economic, cultural, technological, and regulatory obstacles must be addressed to fully realize the potential of sustainable engineering. Despite these hurdles, the future of sustainable engineering is bright, driven by innovation, growing awareness, and a collective commitment to a more sustainable world.

The importance of sustainable engineering cannot be overstated. It is not only about mitigating the impact of human activities on the environment but also about ensuring a livable planet for future generations.

The principles and practices discussed in this article offer a roadmap for integrating sustainability into engineering, highlighting the crucial role that engineers play in this transformative journey.

As we look to the future, it is clear that sustainable engineering will be a key driver of environmental stewardship, economic resilience, and social well-being, making it an essential discipline for the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead.

هل تغليف الغذاء يهدد الصحة؟

By | | , , ,
Leave a comment

أغلب سكان المدن يفضلون شراء الأطعمة المُغلّفة الجاهزة لتوفرها وسهولة الحصول عليها، وذلك لكثرة مشاغلهم.  وإن تغليف الطعام يلعب دوراً هاماً في الحفاظ على جودته وصحته ومدة صلاحيته وقد يقلل من إهدار الغذاء. إلا أن كيماويات مواد التغليف قد تلوث الطعام وتسبب أمراضاً خطيرة.

هناك مجموعة من الكيماويات تسمى اختصاراً (PFAS) لا تذوب في الماء ولا في الدهون ولا تلتصق بالطعام وتستخدم في مئات المنتجات بما في ذلك تغليف الاطعمة. وقد ثبت ارتباطها بأمراض خطيرة بسبب تراكمها في جسم الإنسان الذي يتناولها يومياً مع الماء والغذاء ولا يستطيع الجسم التخلص منها بالسرعة الكافية. لذلك وجدت هذه الكيماويات في الدم والبول وحليب الأمهات ودم الحبل السري للأجنة، بل منتشرة في أجسام البشر من كل الجنسيات، وثبت تأثيرها على الكبد والإخصاب والنمو وتم ربطها بالأورام وخلل الغدة الدرقية وعمل الهرمونات. كذلك تزيد من احتمال اصابة الحوامل بارتفاع الضغط ونوبات التشنج وتقلل من فعالية تطعيم الطفال.

sustainable-packaging

وتعتبر مواد تغليف الوجبات السريعة وأوانيها من أهم مصادر هذه الكيماويات السامة، إذ كشفت دراسة لوكالة الغذاء والدواء الأمريكية انتقال هذه المواد من الأغلفة الى الغذاء وتلويثه، خاصة الأطعمة الدهنية، ووجدت مركبات الفلور في 40% من أغلفة الوجبات السريعة التي خضعت للدراسة وشملت السندوتشات والبيتزا والدجاج المقلي والحلويات. كما أنها وجدت في أكياس الفشار ومياه الشرب وكيماويات التجميل والملابس.

وهذا سبب آخر لتفادي الوجبات السريعة والأغذية الدهنية الجاهزة، خاصة بالنسبة للأطفال والحوامل لأن التأثير على الأجنة والأطفال أكبر كثيراً لسرعة نموهم وصغر أوزانهم مما يجعل التركيز أكبر. والأطفال بطبيعتهم أكثر تعرضاً للكيماويات عن طريق حليب الأمهات الملوث أو حركتهم ولمسهم لكل الأشياء حولهم ومن ثم ادخال ايديهم في فمهم.

في ولاية واشنطن الأمريكية تم التوقيع على أول قانون ولائي يمنع استخدام مركبات الفلور السامة في تغليف الأغذية في مارس 2018. وفي مدينة سانفرانسيسكو يتم التحضير لقانون يمنع استخدام هذه الكيماويات (PFAS) في الأدوات والأوعية البلاستيكية التي تستخدم لمرة واحدة ، بل ان ولاية كاليفورنيا في طور التشريع لإجبار صناعات أغلفة وأواني الطعام أن تطبع تحذيراً على المنتجات التي تحتوي على هذه المجموعة من الكيماويات.

وبنظرة فاحصة لأواني الأطعمة والمشروبات، فإن الزجاج يعتبر من الأواني الآمنة ، الا أن الأغطية المعدنية ربما تحتوي على مادة الافثالات (phthalate)  التي تعرقل عمل الهرمونات. علب الألمنيوم قد تحتوي على مضاد حيوي مسرطن ومهيج للحساسية من مركبات الفينول (ortho-phenylphenol) يستخدم للتخلص من البكتيريا والفطريات.

أما الأواني البلاستيكية فهي الأكثر إثارة للجدل في الأوساط العلمية لإحتوائها على كيماويات ارتبطت في بعض الدراسات بالتأثير السلبي على نمو الدماغ والجهاز التناسلي في الأطفال. كما أن البلاستيك الذي يدخل في صناعة كرتون الحليب والعصير والمعروف بالبولي أوليفين (polyolefins) يحتوي على مركب البنزوفينون (benzophenone)  الذي يؤثر سلباً على الجهاز التناسلي للمرأة.

وفي حالة استخدام الورق والكرتون لتغليف الأغذية يجب الحذر من أحبار الطباعة التي يمكن أن تلوث الأطعمة مسببة خلل هرموني. بل ان أواني الورق المعاد تدويره قد تحتوي على كيماويات سامة من عائلة الإفثالات تسبب مشكلات في الجهاز الهضمي هي داي ايزوبيوتايل افثالات (di-isobutyl phthalate) و داي ان بيوتايل افثالات (di-n-butyl phthalate).

وعليه ولسلامة الإنسان في كل مكان، يجب على هيئة الصحة العالمية  ووزارات الصحة ومنظمات المجتمع المدني أن تطالب الصناعات الغذائية بمراجعة وتغيير مبدأ ومفهوم تغليف الغذاء من أساسه.