Rubbish Removal Sydney – What to Expect?

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If you live in a huge and vibrant city like Sydney, then you probably know how easy rubbish can start piling up and messing up your life! So, managing this waste efficiently is not only essential for maintaining a clean and healthy living environment but also for ensuring the sustainability of the city’s ecosystems.

This is where professional rubbish removal services come into play, offering a vital solution to the city’s waste management needs. Understanding what these services entail and recognizing the importance of enlisting their help is crucial for residents and business owners alike.

rubbish removal services Sydney

What Are Professional Rubbish Removal Services?

Professional rubbish removal services specialize in the collection, transportation, and disposal of waste materials in a manner that is efficient, safe, and environmentally responsible. These services cater to a wide range of needs, from household waste, garden debris, and construction rubble to hazardous materials that require special handling.

Unlike regular waste collection services that operate on a fixed schedule, professional rubbish removal companies offer more flexible solutions tailored to the specific requirements of their clients, including immediate or same-day removals, which are particularly beneficial for urgent clean-up situations or when clearing space quickly is necessary. You can learn more on this link.

Convenience

The convenience offered by professional rubbish removal services is unparalleled. For residents and businesses in Sydney, dealing with waste removal can be a logistical nightmare, involving sorting, packing, lifting heavy items, and making multiple trips to disposal facilities. This is particularly challenging in a bustling city where time is a precious commodity.

Professional services eliminate these hassles, handling every aspect of waste removal from start to finish. They come to your location at a time that suits you, efficiently clear all the waste, and leave your space clean and clutter-free. This level of convenience allows individuals and businesses to focus on their daily activities without the distraction and time sink of managing waste.

Health and Safety

The health and safety implications of rubbish removal are often underestimated. Certain types of waste, such as construction debris, old furniture, or electronic waste, can pose significant risks due to sharp edges, heavy lifting, or hazardous materials like lead and asbestos.

Attempting to handle these materials without the proper equipment and expertise can lead to injuries or health issues. Professional rubbish removal teams are trained to deal with various types of waste safely.

They have the necessary protective gear and knowledge to minimize risk, ensuring that waste is removed without endangering themselves or others. This professional approach safeguards residents and businesses from potential liabilities and health risks associated with improper waste handling.

Environmental Responsibility

Sustainability and environmental responsibility are increasingly critical concerns for Sydney residents and the wider global community. Professional rubbish removal services contribute significantly to environmental protection efforts by ensuring that waste is disposed of correctly and sustainably.

These companies often have policies and practices in place for sorting waste, recycling materials that can be reused, and responsibly disposing of hazardous substances.

By diverting waste from landfills and reducing the demand for new raw materials, these services play a crucial role in minimizing environmental impact. Choosing a professional service that prioritizes eco-friendly waste management practices demonstrates a commitment to preserving the environment for future generations.

Cost-Effectiveness

While there is an upfront cost associated with hiring a professional rubbish removal service, the long-term savings can be substantial. DIY waste removal often incurs hidden costs, including vehicle hire, fuel, disposal fees, and the purchase of protective equipment.

Additionally, the risk of fines for incorrect disposal can add unexpected expenses. Professional services offer transparent pricing that covers all aspects of waste removal, providing a cost-effective solution without hidden fees. The efficiency and expertise of professional services also mean that the job is done right the first time, avoiding the need for further expenditure on rectifying issues caused by improper disposal.

Efficiency

Efficiency is a hallmark of professional rubbish removal services. With their experience and expertise, these companies have the processes and equipment to handle waste removal swiftly and effectively.

Whether it’s clearing out a large commercial property or removing household waste, professionals can complete the job much faster than would be possible otherwise. This efficiency not only saves time but also minimizes the disruption to daily life or business operations, ensuring that spaces are cleared and usable as quickly as possible.

Flexibility

The flexibility of Ridly rubbish removal in Sydney services is a significant advantage. Unlike municipal waste collection services, which operate on a fixed schedule, professional companies can provide tailored solutions that fit the specific needs and timelines of their clients.

Whether it’s an urgent same-day service requirement, after-hours collection, or the removal of specific types of waste, these services can adapt to meet diverse needs. This flexibility is invaluable for projects with tight deadlines or for individuals who require services outside the standard collection times.

Aesthetic Appeal

The impact of accumulated waste on the aesthetic appeal of a property can be dramatic. Unwanted clutter and rubbish can detract from the appearance of homes and businesses, potentially affecting property values and customer perceptions.

Professional rubbish removal services ensure that waste is promptly and thoroughly removed, enhancing the visual appeal of the property. For businesses, this can create a more welcoming environment for customers, while homeowners can enjoy cleaner, more attractive living spaces.

Space Maximization

Removing unwanted waste is about more than just cleanliness; it’s also about maximizing the use of space. Especially in Sydney, where space is at a premium, clearing out rubbish can free up valuable square footage.

Professional rubbish removal services can help households and businesses reclaim space that was previously unusable due to clutter or debris. This newfound space can be repurposed for more productive uses, enhancing the functionality and enjoyment of the property.

Peace of Mind

There’s a significant peace of mind that comes with knowing your waste is being handled responsibly and in compliance with all local regulations. Navigating the rules around waste disposal can be complex, and the risk of non-compliance carries potential fines and legal issues.

Professional rubbish removal companies in Sydney are knowledgeable about the local laws and ensure that waste is disposed of correctly, relieving clients of the burden of legal compliance. This peace of mind is invaluable, allowing residents and businesses to focus on what matters most without worrying about the intricacies of waste management regulations.

rubbish removal Sydney

Supporting Local Economy

Lastly, hiring a local rubbish removal service in Sydney supports the local economy. It contributes to job creation and sustains businesses that are an integral part of the community.

Moreover, many of these services are committed to sustainable practices that benefit the local environment. Choosing a local service not only ensures efficient and effective waste removal but also contributes to the economic and environmental well-being of the Sydney area.

Who to Hire?

Hiring the right professionals for your rubbish removal needs in Sydney requires careful consideration to ensure that you receive quality service that meets your specific requirements. The first step in this process is to conduct thorough research on potential companies.

Start by exploring their websites to understand the range of services they offer and to gauge their professionalism. Look for information about their commitment to environmental sustainability, such as recycling practices and efforts to minimize landfill waste, which reflects a responsible approach to rubbish removal.

Another critical aspect is checking customer reviews and testimonials. Pay attention to comments about the company’s reliability, customer service, efficiency, and transparency in pricing. Positive feedback from customers who have had similar rubbish removal needs to yours can be particularly reassuring.

Once you’ve narrowed down your options, directly contacting the companies can provide further clarity. This interaction allows you to ask specific questions about their services, such as how they handle different types of waste, their availability for pickup, and their pricing structure.

It’s important to ensure that there are no hidden fees and that the company is upfront about the cost of their services. This conversation can also give you a sense of their customer service and how willing they are to accommodate your needs.

Additionally, verifying the company’s credentials is essential. Ensure that they are licensed to operate in Sydney and have the necessary insurance to protect against potential damages during the rubbish removal process. This step is crucial for your peace of mind and the safety of your property.

Finally, consider the company’s environmental policies and community involvement. Choosing a rubbish removal service that actively contributes to the local community and prioritizes eco-friendly practices can make a significant positive impact on the environment.

8 Easy Tips For Heating Your Home Naturally

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Providing heat in your home is extremely important, especially during the colder seasons. The human body is only able to take so much of the cold before it begins to show signs of incapacitation. It is for this reason that each and every household and business establishment in the country is equipped with its own heating system. Most of the home heating systems are currently being powered by electricity. With the price of electricity constantly on the rise, many people are looking for alternative methods to provide heat to their homes. People also are constantly looking to cut back on their monthly electricity bill.

Therefore, to save yourself money, it’s well worth looking at alternative heating solutions to the traditional gas central heating system or electric radiators. The following are 8 easy tips on how to heat your home naturally.

1. An Open Fire

Having an open fire installed in the living room not only ensures your living room is lovely and cozy it can also help to heat the whole house, but especially the rooms the chimney flue also runs through.

An open fire is a natural way of heating your home, but it’s also a more cost-efficient method with just the wood to burn and matches required to get it going. You could even plant your own trees to cut down on fuel and save on trips to the shop to pick up logs in the future.

If you are considering an open fire just remember that they are a potential fire hazard, hot sparks can shoot out and onto your floor so it’s a good idea to use a fire guard if you aren’t going to be in the room at all times. You should also ensure your chimney is swept annually to avoid any soot build up, which can become a fire hazard.

2. Air Source Heat Pump

Air source heat pumps can be used to heat radiators, hot water in your home and even underfloor heating. Air source heat pumps actually work best with wet underfloor heating, a system that is a natural energy efficient anyway, and work at a lower temperature than a standard boiler would.

If you are considering pairing an underfloor heating system with an air source heat pump, it’s a good idea to speak to a reputable floor heating company to discern what work is required. You’ll need to consider finding room outside as well, as air source heat pumps are fitted either on a wall or on the ground and work by extracting heat from the outside air, even at temperatures as low as -15°C.

3. Geothermal Heat Pump Systems

Heat Pump Systems (Geothermal) have turned out pretty popular as an amazing method to heat businesses and homes alike. They function by depending on the comparatively uniform earth’s temperature 3-5 feet beneath the surface. Though the upfront costs may be daunting, it’s plausible to recover your expense in as little as 5 years & to decrease your energy usage by 44-72%.

ground source heat pump

4. Using Solar Energy

The sun is a viable source that allows life to continue to thrive on our planet. It is for this reason that organizations looking for alternative sources of energy to provide heat and electricity have begun tapping into the sun’s energy. Since it is a natural source of heat and energy, using solar energy to heat up your home will not cause any damage to the environment.

By using solar energy, you are able to make a small contribution to conserving the environment. Using solar energy as an alternative means to provide heat to your home and can also greatly reduce your monthly electric bills, allowing you to eventually save up and use these funds on other personal needs.

How to Heat Your Home with Solar Power

There’re a number of methods which you can exploit from the sun’s energy and heat up your residence. Here’re some tips on how to heat your home naturally using solar power.

1. Installation of solar panels

One way for you to tap into the sun’s energy to heat your home is to install solar panels. These solar panels provide an alternative source of electricity that you can direct to certain electrical appliances in your home. If you have an electrical heating system in your home, you can use the electricity generated by the solar panels to provide heat throughout the area.

solar-panels

2. Work on your windows

If you are currently in the process of looking for a new home, choose one that has a lot of glass windows and doors. This will allow the heat and warmth coming from the sun to enter your home, providing natural heat in your living space. If you are prone to getting headaches from the glare of light, you can easily have a tint placed on the glass windows and doors. This tint will still allow the heat and warmth from the sun to pass through while minimizing the glare at the same time.

Another thing to do is to install window Shuttercraft and louvers which serve to help you cut the heat in hot, sultry summer as well as reduce the heat loss in the thick of winter. A few of them additionally have insulation characteristics built within them & they suit well upon the frame, assisting like an air boundary within it & the window. On the other hand, the louvers help to enhance ventilation and also help natural sun & light inside.

3. Opt for solar water heating systems

Solar water heating systems tap into the heat generated by the sun and heat up the water that you use in your house. Instead of using electricity, solar water heating systems use a series of pipes that transfer the heat they absorb from the sun to the water that passes through these pipes. This water is then collected and stored in an insulated water tank in order to prevent the heated water from cooling down.

5. Pellet Stoves and Boilers

Boilers and Wood-Pellet-Stoves are machines which can consume biomass to give out space heating during the cold season. It’s an advancement of the age-old technology of open stoves, open fires or fireplaces. Biomass like firewood has been swarming previously and even in the present, a good quantity is accessible. Unlike in the past, it’s not possible presently to cut down trees or boughs whenever you require fuel to light up your stoves.

Make use of biomass fuel

An answer has been found in the fuel crises when it hit the seventies in wood pellet, a pelletized waste product of timber and furniture manufacture. The hitherto piled up wood chips, shavings, and sawdust that created a disposal problem to the industrialist, at last, found a way to clear the sawmill or the factory dump yard.

biomass-resources

Biomass wastes can be transformed into efficient heating fuel

Presently, you would discover completely automated pellet-boilers that you would set up and forget, thus to speak. A thermostat would notice your house’s heating requirement, supply wood pellets into the burner by an auger, control the heat production, and stop when not required. All you would have to become involved in is to remove what is left after combustion – ash.

What are wood pellets?

Wood pellets are compressed industrial waste of wood. The biomass wood is a good source of energy easily undergoing combustion and releasing huge amounts of heat energy within a stove or a boiler of a centralized hydronic system.

Each wood pellet is about 15-20 mm in length and has a diameter of about 6 – 8 mm. It is extremely dense due to high compaction at manufacture. So much so that unlike wood it would not float in water but sink to the bottom as soon as it hits the water.

The fuel pellet is extremely dry and generally, the moisture content is less than 10% at the manufacturer. However, it is highly hygroscopic and unless properly stored under strictly monitored conditions, will be soggy like a crispy biscuit left exposed. This, unfortunately, renders the costly product useless.

The evolution of pellet stove

The device, which was a very business-like simple steel box when it was invented in the 1930s, has changed face with an attractive piece of decoration in your living room or wherever you intend to keep it for heating a comfortable interior. The pellet stove may be either freestanding or placed as a fireplace insert that vents into an existing chimney.

The construction material is steel or massive cast iron that radiate and conduct heat out of them. The control arrangement, electronic elements & exhaust functioning parts are encased within stainless steel.

Similarly, just like the decorative stove pellet boilers and furnaces too are available depending on your requirements. The boiler used in hydronic systems has the useful property to store heat energy generated by combustion. These are mainly applied in retrofits with minimum changes to the ducting, plumbing, venting etc. of the existing heating arrangement.

6. Insulate Your Roof and Walls

Approximately half of the heat wasted in a standard home leaks through the roof and the walls. Insulating your attic is easy to do and you may even make the insulation by yourself. In case you now have loft insulation monitor its thickness and if needed add a second layer to draw it up to the prescribed 270mm. Insulating the cavities of your wall could preserve up to £120 every year. Installation takes simply about 2 hours for a general 3 bedroom home and can be arranged from the outside.

7. Dodge the draughts

Do away with wasted heat and draughts by setting up an easy-to-fix and an affordable brush or PVC fastener on your outside doors. Place draught-proof wraps on letterboxes & key holes as well. Draughts likewise get in into gaps in floorboards & skirting boards; halt this by permeating these gaps using a sealant or beading.

8. Underfloor Heating with Natural Stone

Underfloor heating with natural stone is not a particularly new idea, though some salesmen may want you to think so. The enterprising Romans are known to have devised a form of early underfloor heating for the natural stone and tiled flooring of their houses.

Today’s underfloor heating methods are broadly similar in purpose, though technology has, of course, moved on. The efficiency of modern underfloor heating systems is naturally far ahead of the relatively crude Roman invention.

Natural stone is a natural choice for underfloor heating. It does, of course, take a while for the heat to seep through after the system is initiated as the stone is slow to warm up. But once it gets going it stays as hot as you need it to be for as long as you need it. No more painful tiptoeing because of the cold floors during winter seasons; underfloor heating using natural stone happens to be a richness to be enjoyed.

Underfloor heating possesses many benefits over the many conventional radiant heating or even charged air heating. Radiant heating from a relatively small unit tends to be directional and takes time to warm a room thoroughly, while convection heating is great for producing a hot ceiling, but usually, there’s no one up there to appreciate it.

Underfloor warming, particularly at the moment is the most picked natural stone floor covering that heats a house more regularly and completely. It’s a natural pick for anyone who despises cold feet and cold winters.

Heating either a room or an entire house from beneath the floor has different benefits from the position of view of frequency, noise & cost. When correctly created the heat is spread evenly from each part of your floor, hence producing an equally heated room. There’re no irritating fan noises, turning on and off on frequent intervals, and the charge of running an underfloor-heating-system may be amazing.

When it comes to heating your home there are plenty of alternatives that can save you money and help you become more energy efficient in the long run. Just be sure to choose one that suits you and meets your needs.

It is important to note that the installation of heating equipment and water supply should be done by a professional, otherwise there is a great chance of failure in the first years of operation. For example, before purchasing a water pump you should consult a plumber about the technical possibility of installing similar systems in your home.

What to Look For in a Used Car Before Making a Purchase

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What to look for in a used car? Reliability, cost-effectiveness, and a clean history are just the start. Avoid the common pitfalls of buying pre-owned vehicles with our thorough guide. Covering mechanical checks, history reports, and financial considerations, we’ll equip you with the necessary tools to select a used car that meets your needs and budget without any unpleasant surprises.

used car selection checklist

Key Takeaways

  • Set a comprehensive budget considering not just the purchase price, but also additional costs such as stamp duty, running costs, and financing options, and align your vehicle choice with your lifestyle and practical needs.
  • Perform thorough vehicle research including assessment of market value, comparisons of makes and models, examining online reviews and safety ratings to ensure reliability, fuel efficiency, and future resale value.
  • Inspect the car meticulously by checking the exterior, interior, and mechanical condition, take a test drive to evaluate performance and potential issues, review the vehicle history report and maintenance records, and ensure legal and financial aspects such as registration, warranties, and insurance are in order before finalizing the purchase.

Essential Factors to Consider When Buying a Used Car

Embarking on the quest for find the best used cars for sale can be both an adventure and a strategic mission. Before we set off, consider two pivotal guides on our map: your budget and the car that fits your life. Let’s begin by shining a flashlight on the financial trail and lifestyle landscapes that will lead us to your automotive treasure.

Budget and Financing

The first checkpoint in our journey is setting a realistic budget, keeping in mind the hidden treasures and potential pitfalls that lie along the path. A budget isn’t just about the purchase price; it’s the deciphering of a cryptic map that includes stamp duty, running costs, and the mystical realm of financing options.

As we explore the financing caverns, we must compare the interest rates and repayment terms of car loans with the precision of an archaeologist, ensuring no stone is left unturned, especially when it comes to finance owing and money owing.

Lifestyle and Purpose

Now, imagine your future journeys. What does your chariot look like? Is it a compact steed for city quests, or a spacious wagon for family adventures? The size, features, and fuel efficiency must align with your life’s quests—be it daily commutes or cross-country explorations.

Remember, comfort is king; features like air conditioning and power windows transform a carriage into a sanctuary.

Comprehensive Vehicle Research

With our budget and lifestyle choices as our compass, we venture into the dense forest of vehicle research. Here, we’ll compare the market value and expenses of our potential steeds, ensuring we don’t overpay for our ride.

Our mission is to emerge with a car that mirrors our driving needs and outshines similar vehicles in terms of reliability and fuel efficiency.

Comparing Makes and Models

In the clearing of the automotive forest, we find various makes and models, each with its own tale of reliability and performance. As we sift through compact cars, SUVs, and trucks at car dealers, we’re on the lookout for those with a heralded track record—a strong reliability score, a car warranty, and a performance history that promises many more miles of adventure.

The wise buyer also peers into the crystal ball of resale value, as some used cars, like a used vehicle, hold their fortunes better over time.

Online Reviews and Ratings

Venturing into the realm of online reviews and safety ratings is like consulting the oracles. Past owners, through their chronicles of experience, offer insights into the car’s trials and triumphs.

Safety ratings, like shields, provide confidence in the car’s ability to protect its occupants, ensuring our chosen chariot meets our valorous expectations.

Inspecting the Used Car

With a shortlist of steeds in hand, we approach the bridge of inspection, where a keen eye can spot the difference between a trusty mount and a lemon in disguise. We’ll inspect the mechanical heart, the safety armor, and the exterior sheen of our potential rides, knowing that even the smallest detail can tell the story of a thousand journeys.

Exterior Inspection

The exterior of our chosen chariot speaks volumes about its past battles. We inspect for scars such as dents and scratches, signs of past repairs, and the ominous rust that whispers tales of aging and neglect. It’s the first impression that can either beckon us closer or send us fleeing to the next contender.

Interior Examination

Inside the cabin, we examine the seatbelts and thrones for signs of wear, ensuring our safety and comfort are not compromised. A clean and well-maintained interior is a testament to a car’s noble history, hinting at a previous owner who cared for their steed as one would a loyal companion.

Mechanical Assessment

Beneath the hood and body panels lies the heart of the beast. We check for fluid levels and leaks, tire tread, and the integrity of belts and hoses. These are the inner workings that will carry us forth on many future quests, and their condition must be beyond reproach.

Benefits of Buying a Hybrid Vehicle

Test Driving the Used Car

Now comes the moment of truth—the test drive. It’s here that we truly sense the spirit of our potential steed, challenging it across various terrains to witness its performance and listen for any cries of distress.

This is when we call upon our senses and instincts to determine if this car is indeed the one we shall call our own.

Checking Performance

As we venture forward, we test the car’s acceleration, the smoothness of gear shifts, and the surety of its brakes. Steering and handling, with the aid of the steering wheel, must feel as natural as wielding a sword—responsive and precise. It’s during these trials that any weaknesses will reveal themselves, allowing us to assess our potential ally’s true capabilities.

Identifying Noises and Issues

The symphony of the road often tells a story. As we listen to the engine’s hum and the car’s response, we’re alert for any discordant notes—unusual noises or vibrations that hint at hidden troubles. These tell-tale signs are the whispers of the car’s past and present, guiding our decision with every mile.

Verifying the Vehicle’s History

A car’s lineage is as important as its steel and leather. We delve into the annals of time with a vehicle history report and maintenance records, seeking the transparency that comes with a well-documented past. These chronicles will reveal if our chosen car has been a noble steed or a neglected beast.

Vehicle History Report

The vehicle history report is akin to a scroll of truth, unraveling the mysteries of past battles, maintenance rites, and previous ownership. It’s here we confirm the car’s valor with checks for theft, write-offs, and any outstanding finance—ensuring our chariot is not only worthy but also rightfully ours to claim.

Maintenance Records

The maintenance records are the runes that reveal a car’s dedication to duty. They show us the car’s journey through time—its care, its healings, and its readiness for future endeavors.

A well-maintained steed promises a smoother path ahead, free from the shadows of poor maintenance and unforeseen repairs.

Legal and Financial Aspects

Before embarking on this final leg of our journey, it’s crucial to check the Personal Property Securities Register to uncover any security interests attached to the motor vehicle. This step ensures that our chosen chariot is not encumbered with financial obligations or, worse, marked as stolen.

As we near the end of our quest, we must secure our treasure with the seals of law and coin. This is where we verify the legality of our private sale and understand the financial implications, including taxes, fees, and any encumbrances that could cloud our claim to the throne of ownership. When buying from a private seller, it’s essential to navigate the risks and considerations carefully. This includes a thorough check of the car’s history, its mechanical condition, warranty information, and an interior examination to ensure that our investment is sound and our journey towards ownership is unimpeded.

Registration and Ownership Verification

The registration papers and vehicle identification number (VIN) are the royal seals that validate our claim. They ensure our steed is not a phantom with debts or a shadow cast by illegal means. We must be vigilant, for only with a clear lineage and no financial burdens can our car ascend to its rightful place in our realm.

Warranties and Cooling Off Periods

In some lands, the laws grant a period of reflection—a cooling-off period—where we may retreat from our commitment if doubts arise. Additionally, we seek the protection of warranties, such as a statutory used car warranty, ensuring that our steed’s armor is fortified against unforeseen maladies. These legal amulets, including the statutory warranty, provide solace and security as we finalize our pact.

Insurance and Roadside Assistance

Our final safeguard before setting off into the sunset with our new companion is the shield of insurance and the sword of roadside assistance. These are the silent guardians that stand vigilant against the unforeseen perils of the road, ensuring our journey is as untroubled as the still waters of a mountain lake.

Insurance Options

Comprehensive insurance is the knight’s armor for our car, protecting against losses and damages, and providing indemnity for our travels. The cost of this armor can be tailored, with premiums influenced by the noble lineage of our car’s number plate or the chosen excess.

The records of our car’s history will be the herald that proclaims our rights in the courts of claims.

Roadside Assistance Packages

The roadside assistance is our loyal squire, ever-ready to assist in our hour of need. With services like towing and emergency shelter, it’s a steadfast companion that ensures our journey is never halted by the unexpected.

It’s the reassurance that, for a small fee, we are never truly alone on the long and winding roads.

Summary

Our quest draws to a close, and we stand poised with the insight of a philosopher and the assurance of a warrior. We’ve charted the terrain of fiscal planning, aligned our conveyance with our life’s adventures, and surveyed our prospective carriage with a critical eye. We’ve deciphered the chronicles of the car’s past, established our legal and monetary fortifications, and wrapped ourselves in the safeguard of insurance. With this wealth of knowledge, we advance, ready to seize our treasure in the vast kingdom of used automobiles.

Frequently Asked Questions

What should I consider when setting a budget for a used car?

When setting a budget for a used car, consider including the purchase price, stamp duty, running costs, and terms of financing. These additional costs can impact your overall budget significantly.

How long should I test drive a used car?

It’s recommended to test drive a used car for at least half an hour to thoroughly assess its performance under various driving conditions. This duration allows you to gauge the car’s performance more accurately.

What is a vehicle history report and why is it important?

A vehicle history report is important because it provides transparency by revealing past accidents, maintenance history, and odometer readings, helping you avoid purchasing a car with hidden issues.

What are the legal requirements for insuring a used car in Western Australia?

To insure a used car in Western Australia, you need to have third-party property damage cover as a legal requirement for driving on public roads, and comprehensive insurance is recommended for extra protection.

What does a statutory used car warranty cover?

A statutory used car warranty usually covers repair, replacement, or coverage for defects within certain durations and specific conditions, governed by state-specific laws like Lemon Laws.

Water Awareness in Qatar: A Survey

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Qatar is one of the world’s most water-scarce countries in the world. But the continuous expansion of fossil fuel-led desalination technology and associated water infrastructure evaded the shortages and led to continuous access to safe and clean water to all the citizens and residents. In recent years, Qatar witnessed the growing household water consumption adding stress to the economy, infrastructure, and the environment. New measures were proposed to curb the demand through increasing water tariffs and recycling domestic wastewater for semi-productive use. However, these measures have not reduced the domestic consumption of water. Conserving water is one of the strategic areas for Qatar for its natural sustainability.

Water Awareness Survey

The water awareness survey tested the knowledge of public about Qatar’s groundwater and freshwater resources. Only a very small share of the public is aware of water resources in Qatar. The survey finds just one-in-four (27%) knows the current state of groundwater aquifers in Qatar, whereas nearly half (48%) of the public is unaware. A notable share (61%) of the public do not know about the freshwater reserve capacity and storage in Qatar.

The survey finds that more than one-third (36%) of public say bathing (shower) is where most of the day-to-day water is consumed. Followed by 26% say toilet and one-in-five (21%) marked washing clothes and utensils (19%), respectively. However, there is no sizeable difference in ranking when it comes to gardening, drinking and washing the car, all rank equally. Whereas cooking (7%) and cleaning homes (6%) are the least water-consumed activities.

There is a slight variation in terms of usage of water for different socioeconomic groups. Qataris’ water consumption in the garden is highest compared to non-Qataris (29% versus 15%) and common among higher income non-Qataris. Also, over one-fourth (28%) of the Qatari public marked car washing as a major water consumer compared to non-Qataris (12%). Bigger homes, higher income and lavish lifestyle drives water consumption.

The survey finds that a large number of people already engaged in water conservation activities, but most of them that are convenient such as loading their washing machine and dishwater fully. Roughly half (49%) of public say it is likely (including very likely) to install a greywater recycling system. Older generations are more likely to consider installing greywater recycling system in their homes than younger groups.

There was a general perception that people are reluctant to use treated wastewater for agriculture or landscaping or non-consumptive use. The common concerns are a health risk, religious and cultural reasons. However, there is popular support for reusing treated wastewater.

A sizeable majority (61%) of public say they would consider using treated wastewater (from kitchen and washing machine) for toilet flushing. A fewer than 10% say it is unlikely or they would not do. Men and women broadly share same views. Some 12% of Qatari men say it is unlikely and 13% of Qatari women say they would not do. However, more than half of Qatari men and women expressed a favourable opinion of using well-treated wastewater from kitchen, washing machine for toilet flushing.

Key factors for water conservation in Qatar

Roughly one-in-six (57%) people say they would consider reusing best quality treated water from bathtubs for landscaping. A sizeable opinion gap exists among and between subgroups. Women are more supportive of this idea than men, 63% of women say it is likely in comparison with only 52% of men. Both Qataris and non-Qataris express favourable views of using treated wastewater for landscaping (58% vs 56%).

What would encourage people to conserve water effectively? Some options are more preferable than others. The most preferred option is installing a water meter and notifying their monthly consumption to their mobiles (80% likely), information about water scarcity and conservation options (76% likely) and putting a limit on the water use at free or low cost (73%). Whereas the responses are divided for increasing the water tariffs and faith-based encouragement. Nearly one-in-four people said it is unlikely that increasing water tariffs will influence water conservation. One in five people said faith-based values would not influence to conserve water.

Agricultural Scenario in MENA

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Agriculture_MENAAgriculture plays an important role in the economies of most of the countries in the Middle East and North Africa. The contribution of the agricultural sector to the overall economy varies significantly among countries in the region, ranging from about 3.2 percent in Saudi Arabia to 13.4 percent in Egypt.  Large scale irrigation is expanding, enabling intensive production of high value cash and export crops, including fruits, vegetables, cereals, and sugar.

Egypt

Egypt is the 14th biggest rice producer in the world and the 8th biggest cotton producer in the world. Egypt produced about 5.67 million tons of rice and 635,000 tons of cotton in 2011. The area of cotton crop cultivation accounts for about 5% of the cultivated area in Egypt. The total amount of crop residues is about 16 million tons of dry matter per year. Cotton residues represent about 9% of the total amount of residues. These are materials comprising mainly cotton stalks, which present a disposal problem.

Saudi Arabia

Although the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is widely thought of as a desert, it has regions where the climate has favored agriculture. By implementing major irrigation projects and adopting large scale mechanization, Saudi Arabia has made great progress in developing agricultural sector.

The Kingdom has achieved self-sufficiency in the production of wheat, eggs, and milk, among other commodities, though it still imports the bulk of its food needs. Wheat is the primary cultivated grain, followed by sorghum and barley. Dates, melons, tomatoes, potatoes, cucumbers, pumpkins, and squash are also important crops.

Mediterranean Region

Despite the fact that MENA is the most water-scarce and dry region worldwide, many countries across the region, especially those around the Mediterranean Sea, are highly dependent on agriculture.  For example, the Oum Er Rbia River basin contains half of Morocco’s public irrigated agriculture and produces 60 percent of its sugar beets, 40 percent of its olives, and 40 percent of its milk.

Tunisia is the world’s biggest producer of olive oil

Agricultural output is central to the Tunisian economy. Major crops are cereals and olive oil, with almost half of all the cultivated land sown with cereals and another third planted. Tunisia is one of the world’s biggest producers and exporters of olive oil, and it exports dates and citrus fruits that are grown mostly in the northern parts of the country.

Agriculture in Lebanon is the third most important sector in the country after the tertiary and industrial sectors. It contributes nearly 7% to GDP and employs around 15% of the active population. Main crops include cereals (mainly wheat and barley), fruits and vegetables, olives, grapes, and tobacco, along with sheep and goat herding.

Sustainable Agriculture in the Jordan Valley: Perspectives

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Sustainable agriculture development is one of the most important pillars of the EcoPeace Middle East’s Jordan Valley Master Plan as it provides livelihood and prosperity for all the people in the valley. The strategic agricultural objective for the study area is improving water use and irrigation efficiencies and economic outputs per unit of water used, and meanwhile stabilize, or even reduce the total water demands for the agricultural sector in the Jordan Valley. This will require adequate tariff policies on water used for irrigation, including enforcement, to stimulate more efficient use of water through for instance greenhouse drip irrigation. These are challenges specifically relevant for Jordan and Palestine.

sustainable agriculture in jordan valley

Greenhouses are an effective way to improve water efficiencies and economic outputs in the agricultural sector. The use of greenhouses reduce the food production related risks, provide for better quality crops and provide wider options for crop diversification. Finally, evapotranspiration from greenhouses is substantially less than from open field agriculture (and it does not cause soil salinity).

Also Read: Jordanian Agricultural Throughout History – Achievements and Challenges

However, greenhouses decrease open spaces, with negative visual impacts to rural landscapes and to wildlife corridors. Hence greenhouse development needs to be carefully planned and many farmers would require adequate and reliable micro-credits in order to invest in greenhouses.

Drip irrigation is another effective manner to improve water efficiencies in the open fields. The challenge is to set up sustainable drip irrigation systems in the Jordan Valley, including appropriate operations and maintenance and monitoring systems. This requires also financial facilities for farmers to invest, standardization of designs and manufacturing and provision of technical support services.

A related challenge is to maximize the reuse of treated wastewater, efficient use of pesticides and fertilizers, introduction or expansion of growing high yield crops, and improving extension services and post harvesting support to the farmers to enable them to create higher economic returns.

Another major challenge is to address the negative environmental impacts associated with the fish farms. These farms consume substantial amounts of water, due to high evaporation rates, which may be as much as 1-2 meter of water per year. In addition, the ponds are flushed once or twice per year, releasing water into the Jordan River, which is polluted with excrements from the fishes, and anti-biotic medications that have to be added to the fish ponds. Due to the evaporation, the effluent is usually brackish as well. Consequently, discharging this wastewater into the environment has substantial impacts to surface water and groundwater quality.

wastewater pumping in jordan river

Pollution and mismanagement has severely damaged the Jordan River

Mitigating these impacts require investments in wastewater treatment facilities, and converting the process to a closed system. Without resolving these issues the future of this industry in the valley must be in doubt, despite any ecological benefits that the fish farms present for bird migration and associated tourism related to bird watching. The master plan sees the need to ensure that those communities relying currently on the fish ponds as their main source of income enjoy stability and that they be supported in the effort to move to closed systems.

A related challenge will be to strengthen the Extension Services for the farmers in the Jordan Valley. These services might be provided through the existing water user associations. In terms of rural economics, an important challenge is to improve the post-harvesting and marketing potentials of the farmers in the Jordan Valley, including setting up product organizations, better information about markets (nationally and internationally) and related product requirements and creating better access to export markets, with particular focus on eco-friendly and sustainable food production techniques, regional labeling and fair-trade related markets.

Note: This is the third article in our special series on ‘Regional Integrated NGO Master Plan for the Jordan Valley.

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Gene Editing Technologies

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The use of biotechnology to genetically modify living organisms has garnered worldwide attention, as the application of biotechnology is linked to critical health, environmental, and commercial issues. One of the life sciences categories is molecular biology, which approaches the genetic information stored in DNA from a novel perspective.

Gene editing is a technique that aims to extract specific genes carrying desirable traits from an organism (human, plant, animal, or microbe) and artificially attach them to the genes of another organism to transfer that desired trait to the receiving organism. Biotechnology differs from traditional hybridization in that it transfers genes at the molecular level between different species using methods that do not occur in nature. Commercial GMOs are most common in the following products: tomatoes, potatoes, corn, cotton, rabbits, fish, cows, and birds.

GMO-biosafety

Life sciences advanced dramatically during the twentieth century, including the fields of molecular biology and genetic modification. It all began in 1935 when Russian scientist Belozersky succeeded in isolating pure DNA for the first time. Later, in 1973, biochemists Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen started the genetic modification revolution by transferring DNA from one bacterium to another and creating the first hybrid DNA (Recombinant DNA) in history. Boyer and Cohen’s success represented an advancement over Paul Berg’s original techniques developed in 1972.

Later, in 1975, at the Asilomar Conference, a group of biologists met with lawyers and physicians to discuss the potential biohazards of gene-editing technology and make recommendations to ensure the safe use of modified DNA. A timeline of the most significant events in the history of GM products provided below:

The FAO has recognized that GM products have potential benefits, including:

  1. Reduce the use of pesticides.
  2. Increase food production.
  3. Increase the nutritional value of food.
  4. Possess therapeutic and pharmacological benefits.

Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) negatively affect both human health and the environment. For instance, a genetic mutation with unforeseeable consequences could have an irreversible negative impact on the ecological balance. The following are the most significant scientifically proven and unintended environmental risks:

  1. Genetic pollution (interbreeding): This occurs when the natural genetic material of wild species contaminated with genetically engineered material via horizontal gene transfer (HGT). This type of pollution is impossible to eliminate, affects the entire food chain, and contributes to biodiversity loss; additionally, HGT may have the following potential consequences:
  • Contamination of the native microbial community genetic material with the transgenes of GM plants
  • Health and Environmental Effects: These include the emergence of a new disease, pest, or weed, as well as increased pathogenicity.
  • Unpredictable and unintended consequences, such as modifying the recipient organism’s ecological niche or ecological potential.
  • Super-weeds: HGT of pesticide-resistant genes from GM plants to wild weeds, resulting in super-weeds that grow fast and resist pesticides, which consequently leads to an increasing in the use of herbicides to eliminate them, increasing farmer costs, and endangering the ecosystem.
  1. Effects on non-target insects: Various proteinase inhibitors have been shown to have harm worker honeybee performance and behavior.
  2. GM species threaten wild species: GM organisms can grow two times faster and tens of times larger than natural species, giving them a competitive advantage in obtaining natural resources.
  3. Deforestation: some “Super-trees” can produce chemicals that kill natural insects and their surroundings, except for GM super-trees. Furthermore, no studies have been conducted to demonstrate that GM forests are safe for forest ecosystems.
  4. Endangering fertile lands: It is discovered, for example, that GM Klebsiella planticola bacteria were used to convert plant wastes into fertilizer, depleted natural soil nitrogen, and produce ethanol. Even after these microbes’ activity was inhibited, the pollution remained in the soil for eight months.
  5. Loss of genetic purity: Scientists predict that the rapid growth of GM foods will result in a loss of purity in seeds within the next 50 years or less.

Recommendations

The controversial use of biotechnologies to produce GM foods that have infiltrated the global market has raised many ethical, social, and religious concerns, particularly those related to consumer dilemmas. Although these products are still considered safe, scientists admit that there are gaps in knowledge regarding long-term health, economic, and environmental risks.

biosafety

Furthermore, genetically modified foods may have significant unintended consequences. As a result, some steps must be taken, the most important of which are as follows:

  1. Biosafety: The assessment, monitoring, and management of potential risks associated with genetically modified (GM) products.
  2. Legislation: There is an urgent need to enact laws governing transparency, the right of consumers, and the right of the state to obtain complete information about these products.
  3. Consumer rights protection: According to the UN, the consumers have a basic right to know the type of food they consume, its safety, and its method of production, which leads us to the Label.
  4. Product labeling enables consumers to practice their moral, religious, personal, or health preferences, as knowing the ingredients of a product is the best guide for consumers to buy or not buy it. Muslims and Jews, for example, do not consume pork, whereas Hindus do not consume beef.
  5. Public Awareness: There is an urgent need to develop educational materials based on objective scientific evidence. The source of information must also be considered because it will influence the information presented to officials and consumers. As a result, biologists have a responsibility to their community to educate consumers and legislators on the alleged benefits of genetic engineering, as well as the risks and ethical quandaries that it presents, in collaboration with various media channels.

النفايات الصلبة في قطاع غزة

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لم تكن التحذيرات التي أطلقها منسق الشئون الإنسانية  بالأمم المتحدة "ماكسويل جيلارد" بالأمر المفاجئ أو الغريب على أكثر من مليون و نصف غزّي يسكنون في تلك البقعة من العالم. هذه التحذيرات بنيت على دراسة تابعة للأمم المتحدة صدرت في شهر أغسطس 2012 و أشارت إلى أن قطاع غزة لن يكون "ملائماً للحياة" بحلول عام 2020. فقطاع غزة يعاني من مشكلات كثيرة منذ أكثر من عقد من الزمان مع بدء الانتفاضة الثانية عام 2001 و ما تلاه من حصار خانق بعد فوز حركة المقاومة الإسلامية حماس في الانتخابات التشريعية عام 2006.

في أيامنا هذه و مع وصول أول سفينة فضائية لكوكب المريخ، ما زال قطاع غزة يعاني الكثير من المشاكل البيئية بسبب الوضع السياسي، الاجتماعي، الاقتصادي، التنظيمي ، و التقني السائد في مدن القطاع. خلال الأسطر القادمة، سأصطحبكم لكي نلقي الضوء على إحدى المشاكل التي نعيشها منذ عقود من الزمان. و قبل البدء أريد أن أوضح بأني لا أملك العصا السحرية لتغيير الحال بين عشية و ضحاها و لست بالدبلوماسي لأقوم بإلقاء التهم على جهة معينة أو فرد بعينه ولكن المقصد هو إلقاء الضوء على هذه القضية عسى أن تصل رسالتي كمواطن لأصحاب القرار.

يعاني قطاع غزة من مشكلة متفاقمة في ادارة النفايات الصلبة، نتيجة لوصول مكبات النفايات إلى الحد الاستيعابي الأقصى، و غياب الاهتمام من قبل الجهات المعنية على العمل لحل الأزمة. ففي عام 2010، قدرت وزارة التخطيط كمية النفايات التي نتجت من قطاع غزة ب 1300 طن/يومياً على أن تتضاعف هذه الكمية لتصل إلى 2350 طن/يومياً بعد عشرين عاماً. فهذه الأرقام، مصحوبة بتصريحات السيد "ماكسويل جيلارد" بأن عدد السكان في قطاع غزة سيزيد إلى 2.1 مليون في عام 2020، جعلت من الأهمية أن أتطرق لهذا الموضوع و نطرحه على الطاولة للنقاش. فالمشكلة كبيرة  و أسبابها عديدة و لكن و من باب الانصاف يجدر القول أن إدارة المخلفات الصلبة قد شهدت تحسنا ملحوظا في السنوات الأخيرة بفضل المشاريع الدولية التي نفذت في هذا المجال و الشعور بخطورة ما وصل إليه الحال في مناطق القطاع المختلفة.

أسباب وجود هذه المشكلة

و في بداية الحديث عن حلول قد تساعد على التخفيف من هذه المشكلة المتفاقمة، يجدر بنا أن ندرس الأسباب التي أحدثت هذه القضية . فمن خلال البحث و التدقيق، توصلت إلى أن الأسباب هي كالتالي:

أولاً: عدم كفاءة النظام الحالي بسبب غياب الدراسات التفصيلية و عدم وجود الرؤية الموحدة بين الجهات المعنية بإدارة الملف. فعلي سبيل المثال، قانون البيئة رقم (7) لعام 1999 غير مطبق حتى الآن مما يفقد الجهات المختصة السلطة و القوة لفرض سيطرتها من أجل تحسين الوضع العام.

ثانياً: الزيادة المفرطة في عدد السكان في القطاع مصحوباً بزيادة كميات المخلفات و عدم وجود الأماكن المناسبة لطمر المخلفات بطرق سليمة.

ثالثاً: عدم إدراك عامة الشعب بحساسية الموضوع و ضرورة التعاون مع الجهات المختصة لحل الأزمة.  مما سبق، يمكن أن نستنتج الآلية التي أرى أنها قد تساعد على أن تغير الحال الحالي.

أولى هذه الخطوات هي توفر سياسة و رؤية موحدة  ما بين كل الجهات الحكومية المعنية في هذا الشأن بالإضافة إلى البلديات من أجل وضع خطة شاملة تعمل على تحسين الوضع العام لنظام إدارة النفايات الصلبة في قطاع غزة.

هذا المبدأ لابد أن يقوم أساساً على نموذج 3R الأكثر اتباعاً في أيامنا هذه و يشمل ثلاث مقترحات لإدارة الأزمة بطريقة صحيحة و هي (تقليل كمية النفايات الناتجة Reduce ، إعادة استخدام Reuse، إعادة التدوير Recycle) و فيما يلي توضيح لهذه الخطوات:

أولا: تقليل النفايات Reduce

بالغالب تزيد كمية النفايات الناتجة من أي مجتمع بزيادة عدد أفراده. فخلال السنوات الماضية، شهدت الكميات الناتجة ارتفاعاً ملحوظاً دون إدراك عامة الشعب لخطورة الأزمة. و لهذا وجب علينا أن نركز على هذه القضية و نعمل على تغيير ما بأنفس الناس و دعوتهم أن يكونوا على قدر المسئولية و أن يقوموا بدورهم في هذا الملف عن طريق العمل على تقليل المخلفات الصادرة من منازلهم. كما أنه يجب على البلديات إعداد برامج خاصة لإدارة النفايات الصلبة للقطاع التجاري وفرض قيود على أصحاب الأعمال للتقليل من كميات المخلفات الناتجة من أنشطتهم التجارية.

ثانيا: إعادة الاستخدام Reuse

إعادة استخدام المخلفات ليس حل لمشكلة المخلفات و حسب، بل إنه من الأمور التي قد تدفع العجلة الاقتصادية إلى الأمام  من خلال تقليص ميزانية شراء المواد الخام لبعض الصناعات,  و زيادة رأس المال لصناعات الأخرى. فمن خلال هذه الطريقة، يمكن لأصحاب الصناعات بيع كل ما يزيد عن أنشطتهم التجارية لجهات أخرى و جني دخل إضافي للمؤسسة التجارية.

و كمثال آخر، يمكن لهذا المبدأ أن يستخدم كأداة للعديد من المؤسسات غير الربحية عن طريق بيع ما يتبرع به المواطنون من أدوات ليسوا بحاجة لها فيما يعرف بمحلات " الأدوات المستعملة"  و لكن النظرة المجتمعية لهذه الفكرة سلبية و غير مرحب بها لاعتبارات اجتماعية و لكن يجدر الإشارة إلى فوائد هذا النوع من المشاريع و منها:

  • زيادة نسبة المواد المعاد استخدامها بين المواطنين ( أثاث، كتب، أدوات كهربائية).
  • زيادة الدخل المالي لهذه المؤسسات مما يزيد من أنشطتها الميدانية للمواطنين.
  • تغيير بعض العادات السلوكية بين المواطنين و تشجيع الاندماج و التعاون بين كافة أفراد المجتمع.

ثالثا: إعادة التدوير Recycle  

أشارت دراسات إلى أن نسبة إعادة التدوير في قطاع غزه 4.2 % لعام 2002 بمعدل 9 طن/يومياً يتم إعادة تدويرها بمبادرة فردية لبعض الصناعات المحلية. ترجع النسبة الضئيلة هذه إلى عدة عوامل منها:

 أولاً: غياب الدعم الحكومي لمشاريع إعادة التدوير.

ثانياً: عدم اهتمام عامة الشعب لهذه المشاريع و تقدير القيمة الاقتصادية لها. ففي حقيقة الأمر، و نتيجة لزيادة أسعار المواد الخام في الأسواق العالمية، فقد زادت أسعار بعض الأنواع من المخلفات لتصل إلى أكثر من 100دولار/ طن      ( فعلى سبيل المثال: سعر طن البلاستيك PET  250-300   دولار/طن، و سعر الورق المقوى (كرتون) يتراوح بين 240-260  دولار/طن)

و من هنا تنبع ضرورة الاهتمام بهذا النوع من المشاريع من أجل دفع العجلة الاقتصادية للقطاع. و من ناحية عملية يمكن أن يتم البدء بهذه المشاريع بإدارة عليا من البلديات و لكن عن طريق انشاء عدد من الشركات و خصخصتها من أجل تحقيق التنمية الاقتصادية و البيئية في آن واحد. 

في الختام و من خلال التحليل السابق يتضح أن قضية إدارة النفايات الصلبة تتطلب خطوة  مشتركة بين الدولة و الشعب عن طريق وضع أهداف واضحة و محددة المعالم و من ثم العمل على النهوض بالوضع البيئي في قطاع غزة.

How Climate Change is Impacting the MENA Countries

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The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is known for being one of the hottest places on Earth, and highly vulnerable to climate change impacts. In an IPCC special report on regional climate change, models projected that average temperatures in the region will increase by 1-2˚C by 2030-2050. Decision makers and citizens in all 21 countries realize that they are faced with an immediate need to reshape energy, agriculture, water and environmental policy to adapt to changing climate conditions.

climate change in MENA

Steep Rise in Temperature

Satellite data provided by Climate Engine from 1979 to present shows the mean max (average maximum) temperatures throughout the region ranged from 25˚C in the winter to 35˚C in the summer, and temperatures from 1900-96 increased by 0.7˚C for the whole region.

MENA is getting so hot that even in the most conservative IPCC warming scenarios climate change may cause extreme heat to spread across more of the land for longer periods of time, making some regions unlivable and reducing growing areas for agriculture.

Cities will feel an increasing heat island effect and most capital cities in the Middle East could face four months of exceedingly hot days every year. Rising temperatures will put intense pressure on crops and already scarce water resources, potentially increasing migration and the risk of conflict.

These rising temperatures will increase the occurrence of extreme weather events. The Maghreb has been subject to droughts, while Cyclone Phet, the second strongest on record, hit Oman in June, 2010, killing 44 and causing $700 million in damages.

The following paragraphs explores the immediate and potential sectoral impacts of climate change on the environment, energy, agriculture, water, and social well-being in MENA.

Environment

Vegetation models project the impacts may be greater in the semi-arid lands of the region than in the arid lands, especially in composition and distribution of vegetation types. Management options, such as better stock management and more integrated agro-ecosystems, could improve land conditions and counteract pressures arising from climate change.

Energy

MENA countries have some of the highest wind and solar energy potentials in the world. Exploiting the tremendous renewable energy potential would strongly help Arab countries, enabling them to decrease the vulnerability of their existing energy systems.

Using wind and solar energy will also increase electricity production, which is important as demand in the majority of the countries is expected to increase steeply in coming decades due to demographic and economic development as well as to the increasing need for space cooling as temperatures rise.

Agriculture

Land degradation problems and limited water supplies constrain present agricultural productivity and threaten the food security of some countries. Impacts in a 2 °C world include annual water discharge, already critically low, is projected to drop by another 15–45% (75% in a 4 °C world) and unusual heat extremes projected to affect local food production. As a consequence, deteriorating rural livelihoods will continue to contribute to migration flows, often to urban areas.

Islam-Climate-Change

Though there are few projections of the impacts of climate change on food and fiber production for the region, studies also projected increases of some crops. Implementation of more flexible risk-management strategies along with the use of a wider variety of domestic animals, game ranching, and multiple production systems-would provide greater food security to the region.

Water

The Middle East and North Africa is the most water stressed region in the world. Water shortages have already been described as a crisis in many countries of this predominantly arid region, and are unlikely to be reduced and may be exacerbated by climate change. In a region with the lowest freshwater endowment in the world, it is estimated that 80-100 million people will be exposed to water stress by 2025, as groundwater is used up faster than changing precipitation patterns can replenish it.

MENA is world’s most stressed region

The region could be heavily challenged by both rising food and water demand given its projected increase in population that may double by 2070. As a result of severe and sustained pressure on resources, further social unrest is likely in the already unstable political environment that currently characterizes parts of the region.

The combination of rapid population growth and urbanization will put increased pressure on already scarce natural water resources. With rainfall projected to decline by 20 to 40% in a 2°C hotter world, and up to 60% in a 4°C world, the region’s capacity to provide water to its people and economies will be harshly tested.

Rapid development is threatening some water supplies through salinization and pollution, and expanding populations are increasing the demand for water. Adaptation strategies might include more efficient organization of water supply, treatment, and delivery systems for urban areas and, in arid Asia, increased use of groundwater.

Measures to conserve or reuse water already have been implemented in some countries; such strategies may overcome some shortages, especially if they are adopted widely throughout the region. Changes in cropping practices and improved irrigation practices could reduce water usage significantly in some countries.

Social Well-being

Human health in the region is variable, reflecting the economies of the countries. Some countries, where poverty is high, have high infant mortality rates and low life expectancy. The impacts of climate change are likely to be detrimental to the health of the population, mainly through heat stress and possible increases in vector-borne and waterborne diseases. Decreases in water availability and food production (especially if there is a shortage of water for irrigation) would lead to indirect impacts on human health associated with nutritional and hygiene issues.

alexa-arab

MENA has been witnessing extreme weather events in recent years

In certain areas, where drought-parched grounds are unable to absorb rains, flash floods can make roads impassable, preventing students from reaching schools. The floods of June 2009 in Yemen are an example of this. Disruptions to electricity, a potential side effect, can force schools to suspend activity, while in extreme cases, severe weather can actually damage infrastructure. While the cumulative effect of these disturbances on students’ education performance is not well known, it is certain that interruptions in attendance can only have detrimental consequences for learning outcomes.

Over the longer term, it is expected that climate change, along with other confounding factors such as the high poverty rate in the region, will combine to create environmental degradation, a subsequent deterioration in livelihoods, and put pressure on populations to migrate. Research suggests that in all instances such effects are likely to disproportionately affect children, their well-being and care, and their ability to participate in good quality, equitable education.

Conclusions

Climate change is a serious threat and leaders have not hesitated to take action. Adaptation strategies being implemented by countries in MENA are likely to provide some significant “win-win” opportunities for the conservation of resources, as well as offset the impacts of climate change.

An efficient and effective environmental governance framework is essential for more productive and measurable interaction amongst various stakeholders and across key sectors. National, regional and international linkages within targeted sectors are essential to coordinate climate action in MENA. Proactive involvement of public and private sectors, civil society organizations as well as research and academia in climate change mitigation is also a crucial issue.

A Message on World Water Day

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Water is the major driving force of sustainable development. World Water Day aims to increase people’s awareness of the water’s importance in all aspects of life and focus on its judicious use and sustainable management. In 1993, the United Nations General Assembly designated 22 March as the first World Water Day (WWD). Since then the World Water Day is celebrated to draw wider public attention to the importance of water for mankind.

water crisis Palestine

Globally the day is celebrated to focus attention on water conservation, carrying out appropriate concrete measures and implementing the UN recommendations at individual, local and national level. World Water Day is a global day creating awareness on the subject and urging people to take appropriate actions for its conservation and avoiding its misuse.

World Water Day aims to explore nature-based solutions to the water challenges faced in the 21st century. Water is essential to our survival, it is essential to human health. The human body can last weeks without food, but only days without water. Water is at the core of sustainable development. From food and energy security to human and environmental health, water contributes to improvements in social well-being and growth, affecting the livelihoods of billions.

Globally, 2.2 billion million people lack access to safely managed water services, including 1.5 billion with basic services. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends 7.5 liters per capita per day to meet domestic demands. Around 20 liters per capita per day will take care of basic hygiene needs and basic food hygiene. Poor water quality and absence of appropriate sanitation facilities are detrimental to public health and more than 5 million people die each year due to polluted drinking water. The WHO estimates that providing safe water could prevent 1.4 million child deaths from diarrhea each year.

It is ironical that a large number of people in the Middle East are still consuming excess water and are ignorant or careless about the looming water shortages. With the threat of dwindling water and energy resources becoming increasingly real and with each passing day, it is important for every person in the Arab world to contribute to the conservation of water.

Celebrating World Water Day means that we need to conserve and reduce our water use as excessive water use will generate more wastewater which is also to be collected, transported, treated and disposed. We need to understand that 60% of total household water supply is used inside the home in three main areas – the kitchen, the bathroom and the laundry room – and which is collectively known as greywater

water scarcity in jordan

Saving water is easy for everyone to do. Let us try to implement the following basic water conservation tips at home:

  • Turn off the water tap while tooth brushing, shaving and face washing.
  • Clean vegetables, fruits, dishes and utensils with minimum water. Don’t let the water run while rinsing.
  • Run washing machine and dishwasher only when they are full.
  • Using water-efficient showerheads and taking shorter showers.
  • Learning to turn off faucets tightly after each use.
  • Repair and fix any water leaks.

The World Water Day implores us to respect our water resources. Act Now and Do Your Part.

Will Fully Electric Cars Survive in Rural Areas?

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Electric cars are predicted to account for 81% of all the EVs sold by 2030. This is about 25.3 million cars which is far beyond their counterparts – PHEVs. With a third of all these EVs expected to find their ways to the remote areas and even permanently be assigned for use in such areas, shall they survive?

Driving the newest Ford Everest model- All-New Jazz 1.5 Luxe Hybrid ECVT down the dusty paths in your rural area may is good. It adapts to every region as it uses a motor to charge its battery. But thinking of Volkswagen e-Up for your next trip may not be a good idea.

electric-cars-remote-areas

With the UK having already drafted a law that’s likely to see a ban on new sales for petrol and diesel cars by 2035, are they prepared to counter the challenge in rural areas? And like many other countries in Europe, how will the fully electric cars survive in rural areas?

Undeniably, urban centres are always the pioneers of most technologies. Equally, they usually get the lion’s share in all goodies. This is likened to the number of electric car charging stations in the urban centres versus the rural areas.

Countries like the US, Iceland, UK, Denmark, Norway and Sweden have the most electric vehicles on their roads. The US currently has over 100,000 electric car charging outlets with California alone having 32,000. China is leading in the number of electric charging stations. But like the other nations, the charging outlets and charging stations are concentrated in the big cities.

A research conducted by Technavio projects the electric vehicle charger market growth rate for the period 2020 – 2025 to be at a CAGR of 29%. China is taking the lead with Europe and North America trailing behind.

electric car charging market

On the positive note, a more rapid growth is being witnessed in the residential segment which comprises of multi-dwelling buildings, homes and office buildings. This mean more electric vehicle chargers are going to be installed in rural. Penetration of EVs in the rural areas where travel distances are shorter is likely to grow at a higher rate than anticipated.

Most countries with large uptake on EVs have already laid down massive public electric charging infrastructure. If they adopt the Chinese infrastructural system, ideologies and offer incentives to investors, every EV owner will be covered.

Not many nations are thinking of robust electric charging infrastructure covering both rural and urban centres as the only way to attract a considerable uptake on EVs. It’s this factor that hinders many potential customers living in rural from buying one.

electric-car

This scenario may change sooner than is expected if charging stations are installed in new buildings and charger points in busy streets and car parks as directed by the UK government.

With companies like Charge My Street taking the charging challenge to the villages by installing charging units on village halls and market centres, electric car enthusiasts are a happy lot. Again, as individuals and companies like Chargepoint continue to install electric charging stations in cottages and houses in remote areas, fully electric cars are likely to survive in rural areas.

And with countries supporting the use of electric vehicles due to their eco-friendliness and efficiency, we are likely to see the same happening to the charging infrastructures. The process may be slow in the remote villages for a short while.

But as the policies and regulations to end the sale of diesel and petrol cars approaches and competition among the electric vehicle charging station companies races up, charging points will definitely increase in the local villages.

Are Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles Really Environmentally Friendly?

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There has been a great conflict between fuel efficiency and eco-friendliness in cars. Even though plug-in hybrid vehicles have for long been thought of as environmentally friendly because they use electricity, in the real world they are the opposite. As countries grapple with the issue of carbon emissions, the PHEVs global market growth shall be a shock if all indications are correct.

Comparing carbon emission rates between eco-friendly cars like Honda Jazz that rely on petrol and plug-in hybrid vehicles, Greenpeace was correct by terming PHEVs as “Wolf in sheep’s clothing”. Contrary to automakers official tests figures of 44g of carbon dioxide emissions, PHEVs emit almost three times. This is according to real-world test results from Transport and Environment and Greenpeace.

plug-in hybrid

Researchers from Fraunhofer ISI and International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) conducted research on 100,000 PHEVs and found them to emit two-four times CO2 and consume an average 2-4 times fuel. This research conducted in China, Netherlands, Germany, US, Norway and Canada represented real “Real-world usage of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles”.

Different regions showed slight differences in fuel consumption rates and carbon emission rates but important thing stood out – PHEVs actual rating was too low compared to the real findings. They are not as fuel economical and environmentally friendly as many think.

car fuel consumption

Without a doubt, there will be more plug-in hybrid vehicles on the roads this year and in subsequent years equipped with higher capacity batteries. And despite retailing at a higher purchase price, their efficiency, comfort of driving and ease of use are likely to balloon sales.

If all projections on global electric cars remain constant, they shall dominate all the roads around the world by 2030. Within the period of 2021-2026, the EV market is expected to grow at a CAGR rate of 29%. With these positive projections, shall the environment be safer and vehicles extra efficient?

As faster and efficient PHEV charge stations continue to be launched in many countries, the environmental impact posed by the long-range batteries is a real threat. And equally is the extraction of the raw materials used to manufacture the batteries.

It’s a fact that plug-in hybrid vehicles emit less carbon than traditional or conventional vehicles only if drivers adapt to new driving technologies and charge the battery as often as possible. If drivers of these hybrid vehicles could stop driving aggressively which results in to use of diesel or petrol lesser emissions would be evident.

By all standards, these vehicles whether small or large are more efficient than their traditional counterparts. With new models like BMW X5 xDrive45e estimated to run 50-54 miles on electricity and Hyundai Ioniq Hybrid 39 miles, their efficiency is evident.

Comparing the ballooning fuel costs in almost every country around the world with the cost of charging electric cars, the latter is economical. But with PHEVs, it’s how you balance between using the electric motor and fuel that determines how efficient the vehicle is.

With powertrain being another concern in plug-in hybrid vehicles, they can be the least efficient if petrol or diesel becomes their source of power. It’s for this reason these vehicles are a worry to every nation. The desire to cover long distances in a short period makes many drivers forget to charge the batteries and thus use fuel.

This emits more carbon dioxide and nitrogen dioxides which are among the worst enemies to the environment. How the used batteries from PHEVs are disposed of is another worry. Even though they are recyclable, how much dangerous emissions are we likely to see from the industries years to come?