الطاقة الحيوية ووعدها

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الكتلة الحيوية هي المادة المستمدة من النباتات التي تستخدم ضوء الشمس للنمو، وتشمل المواد النباتية والحيوانية مثل الخشب من الغابات، والمواد المتبقية من العمليات الزراعية والحراجية، والنفايات الصناعية العضوية والبشرية والحيوانية. تأتي الكتلة الحيوية من مصادر متنوعة بما في ذلك الخشب من الغابات الطبيعية، ومخلفات الزراعة، والنفايات الزراعية الصناعية، وروث الحيوانات، والنفايات الصناعية العضوية، والنفايات الصلبة البلدية، وحُرَث مياه الصرف الصحي، وغيرها. عندما تُترك الكتلة الحيوية على الأرض تتفكك على مدى طويلة، مطلقة ثاني أكسيد الكربون ومخزونها من الطاقة ببطء؛ حين عند حرقها يُطلق هذا المخزون بسرعة وغالبًا بطريقة مفيدة.

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خيارات التكنولوجيا

يمكن تحويل موارد الكتلة الحيوية إلى طاقة نظيفة و/أو وقود باستخدام مجموعة متنوعة من التقنيات، بما في ذلك التقنيات الحرارية والبيوكيميائية. وبالإضافة إلى استعادة الطاقة، يمكن لهذه التقنيات أن تؤدي إلى تقليل كبير في كميات النفايات الإجمالية التي تحتاج إلى التخلص النهائي منها.

فيمًا يتعلق بالتقنيات الحرارية، يمكن تحويل الكتلة الحيوية إلى طاقة من طريق الاحتراق البسيط، أو الاحتراق المشترك مع وقود آخر، أو ببعض العمليات الوسيطة مثل التغويز والتحلل الحراري. ويمكن أن تكون الطاقة المنتجة عبارة عن غازات ذات قيمة حرارية عالية، أو طاقة كهربائية، أو حرارة، أو كلاهما (الحرارة والكهرباء معًا). وتكمن مِيزة استخدام الحرارة بالإضافة إلى أو بدلًا من الطاقة الكهربائية في تحسين كفاءة التحويل بشكل ملحوظ – حيث تبلغ الكفاءة النموذجية لتوليد الكهرباء حوالي 30%، بينما يمكن أن ترتفع الكفاءة إلى أكثر من 85% عند استخدام الحرارة.

كما يمكن للعمليات البيوكيميائية، مثل الهضم اللاهوائي، أن تنتج طاقة نظيفة على شكل غاز حيوي يمكن تحويله إلى طاقة كهربائية وحرارية. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، يمكن أن تنتج الكتلة الحيوية وقودًا سائلًا، مثل الإيثانول الحيوي أو وقود الديزل الحيوي، الذي يمكن استخدامه بديل للوقود المستند إلى البِترول. كما تظهر الكتلة الحيوية الطحلبية كمصدر جيد للطاقة، لأنها يمكن أن تكون مصدرًا طبيعيًا للزيت، الذي يمكن للمصافي التقليدية تحويله إلى وقود طائرات أو وقود ديزل.

تطبيقات الطاقة الحيوية

تتميز تقنيات الطاقة الحيوية بالمرونة الكافية، حيث يمكن تطبيقها على نطاق صغير ومحلّي بشكل أساسي لتوفير الحرارة، أو يمكن استخدامها في توليد طاقة كهربائية ضخمة كأساس لتحميل الشبكة، مع إنتاج الحرارة أيضًا. وبذلك يمكن تكييف توليد الطاقة الحيوية لتناسب البيئات الريفية أو الحضرية، وتوظيفها في التطبيقات المنزلية أو التجارية أو الصناعية.

تُقلل عملية تحويل الكتلة الحيوية من انبعاثات غازات الدفيئة بطريقتين: أولًا، يتم توليد الحرارة والطاقة الكهربائية مما يقلل من الاعتماد على محطات توليد الطاقة القائمة على الوقود الأحفوري؛ وثانيًا، يتم تقليل انبعاثات الغازات الدفيئة بشكل ملحوظ عن طريق منع انبعاثات الميثان من مكبات النفايات. علاوة على ذلك، فإن محطات الطاقة الحيوية ذات كفاءة عالية في استغلال مصادر الطاقة غير المستغلة من نفايات الكتلة الحيوية.

الفوائد الرئيسية للطاقة الحيوية

توفر أنظمة الطاقة الحيوية إمكانات كبيرة لتقليل انبعاثات غازات الدفيئة بفضل قدرتها الهائلة على استبدال الوقود الأحفوري في إنتاج الطاقة. إذ تقلل الكتلة الحيوية من الانبعاثات وتعزز احتجاز الكربون، حيث تعمل المحاصيل ذات الدورات القصيرة أو الغابات التي تُزرع على الأراضي الزراعية المهجورة على تراكم الكربون في التربة.

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عادةً ما توفر الطاقة الحيوية تأثيرًا تخفيفيًا لا رجعة فيه عن طريق تقليل ثاني أكسيد الكربون من المصدر، إلا أنها قد تنتج المزيد من الكربون لكل وحدة طاقة مقارنة بالوقود الأحفوري ما لم يتم إنتاج وقود الكتلة الحيوية بطريقة مستدامة. ويمكن للكتلة الحيوية أن يؤدّي دورًا رئيسيًا في تقليل الاعتماد على الوقود الأحفوري. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، فإن زيادة استخدام الوقود المستند إلى الكتلة الحيوية ستكون ذات أهمية كبيرة في حماية البيئة، وتوفير فرص عمل جديدة، وتحقيق التنمية المستدامة وتحسين الصحة في المناطق الريفية. ويمكن أن تساهم الطاقة الحيوية في تحديث الاقتصاد الزراعي.

عند مقارنتها بالطاقة الريحية والشمسية، فإن محطات الطاقة الحيوية قادرة على توفير توليد أساسي حاسم وموثوق. وتوفر هذه المحطات تنوعًا في مصادر الوقود، مما يحمي المجتمعات من تقلبات الوقود الأحفوري. وبما أن الطاقة الحيوية تستخدم وقودًا منتجًا محليًا، فإنها تقلل بشكل كبير من اعتمادنا على مصادر الطاقة الأجنبية وتعزز الأمن الطاقي الوطني.

الاتجاهات العالمية

أصبحت الطاقة الحيوية بسرعة جزءًا حيويًا من مزيج الطاقة المتجددة العالمي وتمثل حصة متزايدة باستمرار من الطاقة الكهربائية المضافة عالميًا. وفقًا لتقرير حديث صادر عن برنامَج الأمم المتحدة للبيئة، تجاوز إجمالي القدرة على توليد الطاقة المتجددة في العالم 3870 جيجاوات في عام 2023. وتوفر الطاقة المتجددة حوالي خُمس الاستهلاك النهائي للطاقة عالميًا، بما في تلك الكتلة الحيوية التقليدية، والطاقة الكهرومائية الكبيرة، ومصادر الطاقة المتجددة “الجديدة” (الكهرومائية الصغيرة، والكتلة الحيوية الحديثة، والرياح، والطاقة الشمسية، والطاقة الحرارية الأرضية، والوقود الحيوي).

تمثل الكتلة الحيوية التقليدية، المستخدمة بشكل رئيس في الطهي والتدفئة، حوالي 13% وتنمو ببطء أو حتى تتراجع في بعض المناطق حيث تُستخدم الكتلة الحيوية بشكل أكثر كفاءة أو تُستبدل بأشكال طاقة أكثر حداثة. وتشير بعض التوقعات الحديثة إلى أن الطاقة الحيوية قد تشكل ثلث مزيج الطاقة العالمي بحلول عام 2050. وفي الواقع، يوفر الوقود الحيوي أكثر من 3% من وقود النقل العالمي.

ترجمة: عبدالله فيصل السلامة

طالب وطموح يسعى لتحقيق التميز في مسيرته الأكاديمية والمهنية. يتقن اللغتين العربية والإنجليزية. يتميز بشغفه الدائم لاكتساب المعرفة وتطوير مهاراته في مختلف المجالات.

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إعادة استخدام الكتب المدرسية للمساعدة في إعادة توظيف المعرفة للطلاب المحتاجين

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مع بداية كل سنة أو فصل دراسي، فإنه يتم طباعة الالاف من الكتب المدرسية الجديدة لشرائها واستخدامها، وبنفس الوقت فإنه يتم التخلص من نفس العدد تقريباً من هذه الكتب والمواد الدراسية بعد أن تم استخدامها حيث تذهب لصناديق القمامة ومكبات النفايات ليتم دفنها، او ضغطها والتخلص منها هناك وتشغل مساحات واسعة. وبالعادة فإنها لا يتم إعادة استخدام هذه الكتب والمواد أو إعادة تدويرها حتى، مما يؤدي إلى توليد كميات مهولة من النفايات الورقية.

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وفي بداية الفصول الدراسية وفي العديد من المدارس الخاصة فإنه يتوجب على الاهل أن يشتروا لأبنائهم كتباً مدرسية جديدة وذلك لتغيير الطبعة أو بعض التعديلات الطفيفة التي أدخلت لهذه الكتب، وبذلك لن يكون باستطاعتهم حتى استعمال الكتب السابقة لأبنائهم الأصغر سناً في السنوات اللاحقة. وبسبب ارتفاع مستوى المعيشة، لم يعد متداولاً أن يتم التبرع بهذه الكتب او إعادة استخدامها من قبل افراد الاسرة الاخرين، مما يزيد في انتاج وزيادة النفايات الورقية.

مبادرة جديدة – البحرين

تتمثل هذه المبادرة – والتي تستحق الثناء – التي تبنتها وزارة التربية والتعليم في البحرين بإلزام الطلبة على إعادة الكتب المدرسية بعد انتهاء العام الدراسي ليتم استخدامها من قبل الطلاب الجدد في الصفوف التالية، إن هذه المبادرة من شأنها الحفاظ على الموارد والأموال وتقليل النفايات الورقية، بالإضافة لنشر ثقافة إعادة الاستخدام والتدوير والحفاظ على البيئة بين الطلاب.

وإلى غير ذلك، فأنه تم إطلاق مبادرات خاصة متعددة لدعم الطلبة الأقل حظاً من خلال توفير الكتب المدرسية مجاناً لهم، يتم جمعها من الطلبة الاخرين واولياء الأمور، ومن المتوقع أن يتم توزيع ما يقارب 1000 مجموعة من هذه الكتب على الطلاب المعوزين، والكتب التي لا تعتبر صالحة للاستخدام فسيتم إعادة تدويرها ضمن برنامج مزدوج تديره المنظمات في البحرين.

وبالإضافة للكتب، فإن الطلاب الأقل حظاً سيحصلون على القرطاسية بما في ذلك الدفاتر والاقلام وما الى ذلك. هنالك حاجة كبيرة لمشاركة الكتب المدرسية وإعادة استخدامها مع ترسيخ ثقافة المسؤولية البيئية. وبالرغم من أن هذه الممارسات تتم على المستوى الفردي، الا إنها تحتاج ان تنتشر وتُمارس على مستوى المدارس والمجتمعات.

يجب أن يتم الاحتفاظ بصناديق جمع الكتب المدرسية وصيانتها على مستوى المدرسة من قبل مسؤولي المدرسة أو مجلس أولياء الأمور والمعلمين أو أي منظمة غير حكومية. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، يجب أن يكون الطلاب مسؤولين عن حماية الموارد البيئية.

خطوة للأمام

تقريباً في كل الدول المتقدمة، فإنه يوجد ما يسمى بنوك الكتب وهي مكتبات يمكن من خلالها شراء الكتب المدرسية المستعملة، ويمكن ايضاً إرجاعها أو إعادة بيعها بعد الاستخدام، كما توفر المتاجر الالكترونية الكتب بأسعار زهيدة، وبالإضافة الى ذلك فان العديد من الجمعيات الخيرية والمنظمات غير الحكومية تقوم بإنشاء صناديق وأكشاك خاصة لجمع الكتب وإعادة استخدامها، وتماشياً مع المبادرات الحكومية فإنه يتوجب على جميع المدراس الخاصة والمؤسسات المهنية أن تنفذ برامج إعادة الاستخدام والتدوير للكتب.

إن إعادة استخدام الكتب المدرسية لن يساعد فقط في الحفاظ على البيئة، بل سيساعد أيضًا في تعليم الأطفال في البلدان التي ليس لديها هذه الامتيازات.

يمكن للجمعيات الخيرية المحلية واللجان المحلية أن تُدرج أيضًا برامج لجمع الكتب المدرسية والتبرع بها ضمن نطاق عملها، وهذا يحتاج بعد ذلك إلى الترويج والدعاية من خلال وسائل الإعلام المحلية لتمكين الطلاب وأولياء أمورهم من التبرع بسخاء بهذه الكتب لإعادة استخدامها داخل البلاد أو يمكن تصديرها إلى دول مجاورة فقيرة أخرى حيث أن التكلفة المرتفعة للكتب تعيق الأطفال من الذهاب إلى المدرسة. إن مثل هذه العادات والوعي بالحفاظ على الموارد البيئية سوف يقطع شوطًا كبيراً في غرس العادات البيئية الحسنة في الجيل الأصغر والذي سيتحمل مسؤولية هذا الكوكب في المستقبل القريب.

رسالة بيئية

من الواجب علينا أن ندرك أننا نحتاج حوالي ثلاثة أطنان من الشجر حتى نصنع طناً واحداً من الورق، وهذا يحتاج ويستهلك كميات هائلة من الماء أيضاً لكل طن إن قمنا بمقارنته بأي منتج آخر في العالم، وإلى غير ذلك فإن صناعة الورق أيضاً مسبباً رئيسياً في لإرتفاع مستوى تلوث الهواء والماء، وهو ما يمكن تجنبه.

وللعلم أن أعادة تدوير طناً من الورق بإمكانه إنقاذ 17 شجرة، و7000 جالون من الماء، حيث اننا نحتاج شجرة واحدة لصناعة 25 كتاباً.

من خلال إعادة تدوير الكتب فإننا نعطي لهذه الشجرة فرصة جديدة للحياة ونحد من إبادة الغابات. وهنا نقترح على المدارس أن تقوم بعرض هذه الكتب للبيع بكل نصف سنة دراسية للتخلص من المخزون القديم لديها، وأيضاً إنشاء صناديق خاصة ووضعها بشكل مناسب في المدارس. وكذلك نحن أيضاً، يجب أن نقوم من الحين للاخر بتفقد وتنظيف أرفف المكتبات في منازلنا وإعادة تدوير واستخدام الكتب غير المستخدمة لدينا ليتداولها الاخرين.

وبالختام، يجب أن ندرك بأن مسؤولية اليوم بإعادة التدوير ستضمن غداً أفضل.

ترجمة: ماجدة هلسه

أردنية متعددة الإهتمامات، لديها من الخبرة ما يقارب السبعة وعشرون عاماً في مجال المالية والإدارة في المؤسسات المحلية والدولية، وتعمل ماجدة حالياً مع التعاون الدولي الالماني كموظفة مالية. ومع ذلك كله وعلى الصعيد التطوعي، فإن لديها شغفاً كبيراً بالترجمة في كافة المواضيع والمجالات، وقد بُني هذا الشغف بالخبرة الشخصية والعملية على مدى هذه السنين.

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Acequias for More Sustainable Irrigation: Rediscover an Ancient Technology

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Arid and semi-arid lands develop when climatic conditions create water limitations and the water lost through evaporation exceeds the water gained from precipitation.  Severe water limitations and climatic extremes make these arid and semi-arid regions very dependent on careful and conservative water management. Traditional practices that use only gravity to distribute water in these environments have been used for thousands of years, but have been little studied and are under-appreciated. These gravity-based canal systems are known as acequia (Spanish) and secondary and lateral ditches are called laterales, linderos, sangrias, or venitas. The head gates that divide and control water flow are called compuertas. The workers who build and maintain these systems are known as acequieros.

Acequias are called séquia (Catalan), acéquia (Portugese) and saia (Sicilian). The common name acequia is from the Arabic as-saqiya, meaning water conduit. Adapted from the Yemeni-Sabean language, predating the Arab arrival. In Yemen these irrigation systems are now called ma’aayeen. In Oman they are falaj, in Arabic literally ‘to divide.’

For thousands of years acequias have relied on the force of gravity for the collection, conduction, distribution, recollection, and discharge of water in farming systems. This sophisticated community-based irrigation was brought to Spain by farm families arriving from the Arabian Peninsula (Yemen, Oman, Syria and Egypt).[i] The antecedents also included the irrigation practices used in other arid regions of the Roman Empire.[ii]

The acequias were adopted and refined in southern Spain, particularly Andalusia, Castilla, and Valencia during the Moorish occupation[iii] and brought to the Americas in the 1500s. The key factors are gravity flow and community management. Many acequias are still in use around the world including the United States (particularly in Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona and Texas), Spain, Mexico, Ecuador, Argentina, Peru, Madeira Islands, India, Iran (Persia), North Africa, Bolivia, and no doubt, other places.[iv]

In the American Southwest the first acequias were built by Spanish settlers in 1598 near the junction of the Rio Chama and Rio Grande[v] and some ditches still in use today may have first been dug and used 400 years ago.

acequias new mexico

This region still has many active acequias. Acequia techniques and irrigation methods employed by the Hispanic settlers in this area were also shaped by what they saw in traditional native practices.[vi]

The Hohokam (300 BCE–1450 CE) were gone by the time the Spanish arrived, but the remains of their irrigation systems were still visible.  They consisted of main canals, distribution canals, and field laterals. The Hohokam built more than 483 kilometers of major canals and over 1,126 km of distribution canals.[vii] We don’t know how these ditches were organized and managed but may well have been community based–like the acequias. The Anasazi (1000BCE–1300CE ) had also developed complex irrigation systems using gravity flow. The Pueblo, Tohono O’odham, Hopi and other first nations people of the Southwest were also actively managing water systems when the Spanish arrived.

The many acequias operate in similar ways but differences in soils, topography, environment, history, geography, climate, culture, regional and national setting, and language make each one unique.[viii] They share common attributes including: autonomy, turn-taking, equity in work for water distribution, uniformity, transparency, boundary maintenance, direct feedback, and graduated sanctions.[ix]

Over the centuries, acequias have overcome periodic cultural and environmental crises, rivalries with other types of water users, and profound historical changes. They have survived because they are community based and because they worked. Once constructed, the local acequia de común (commons ditch) created a community of interest and connection.[x] The bio and cultural diversity in acequia communities also helps with the critical factor of resilience – the ability to recover from perturbation and adversity.[xi] The community of sharing provides insurance against the challenges of drought, floods, and changing power relations.

Some of the most robust acequias are found in Spain and New Mexico. In Spain 550 irrigation communities in Granada and Almeria have over 24,000 km of acequias. More could be restored. A bigger investment in restoration could bring climate, environmental and social benefits to many.[xii] In New Mexico as many as 700 acequias still remain in use, providing irrigation water to about 160,000 acres on 12,000 small family sustenance farms, some dating from the sixteenth century.[xiii] There have been enough activists, lawyers, and receptive politicians to protect the acequias from at least some of the threats that can cause their failure.

In some cases the acequias operate as autonomous common property regimes and also are legal subdivisions of the state, subject to state statute.[xiv] An acequia association typically consists of farmer-rancher members and landowners who share a common stream diversion into a hand-dug “mother ditch” with laterals channeling water to individual properties.[xv] Members are obligated to pay dues, contribute labor to the cleaning and maintenance of acequia infrastructure, observe the customary principles of water sharing, and annually elect a ditch boss (mayordomo) or el digno de confianza—the one who is worthy of trust) and commissioners[xvi] (often 3) who oversee ditch operation and governance. Labor demands are proportional to the amount of acreage or shares a member irrigates. A member may have to pay for a laborer to do his work if he cannot. The mayordomo allocates water proportionally to members in good standing and resolves disputes over water. The mayordomo may ride along the entire ditch to oversee diversions. The mayordomo can face critics and anger when droughts limit water supply. As flows drop a farmer may only get a water allocation every two weeks or less.

How do they work?

Water is diverted from a creek or river with a diversion dam that might be permanent or rebuilt every year. These could be solid or made of brush and porous. The design of the ditches, laterals and fields was critical. Too much slope and the flow would erode the channel network and the farmland, while too little slope would limit the water flow and allocation. Head-gates control the flow for each main ditch. Periodic laterals are linked with more gates.

acequia schematic

Some laterals on the mother ditch are placed in areas where they can help reduce damage from overflow during minor floods and opened wide to help flush sediment. Water seeps out under the earthen walls and helps recharge groundwater. It also supports riparian growth. The flow of water may be split or redirected by a series of gates[xvii] before it reaches the farm.  Each member will have a small diversion gate (or several gates) to bring water onto their land. Today the diversion might be done with a permanent gate, stones, or a sheet of plastic or metal that can be set to release or block the flow of water from the ditch.

acequia irrigation

Acequia managers have to be flexible.[xviii] In a dry year with little water available, the acequia mayordomo and commissioners were stressed but often able to keep the ecosystem alive and provide critically needed water for crops. During wet years, they might expand the community’s irrigated footprint. Acequieros were kept busy during storms watching areas known to be at risk. A shovel full of dirt in the right place could prevent a disaster.

Maintenance

Yearly communal maintenance of the irrigation works was crucial to avoid decreased performance or even the collapse of the acequia.[xix] The work might be managed by the mayordromo or a key worker, in line with customary uses, rules, and regulations of the acequia. In the winter the ditches were dry and more serious repairs could be made. Spring cleaning would clear silt deposits, vegetation growth, fill animal burrows and stabilize the earthen channels.

acequia

“We’ll clean out anything that’s encroaching onto the lining, take out any kind of sediment, take out everything that’s going to impede on getting proper flow in the ditches,” says Daryl Lucero, one of the hundreds of Jemez Pueblo men who gather every spring for a two-day cleanup, equipped with shovels and axes.[xx] Weeding was important and fire could be used to clear vegetation. Leaks and slumps had to be repaired and corrected. Gates needed attention as well and might have to be reset, oiled and braced. These work parties were not grim, but often lively and provided a chance for neighbors to get together.

Flash floods could breach acequias and deposit sediment. Repairs would need to be made quickly to re-establish flow to the crops. This could require hours or days of labor from many acequieros. Members also kept an eye out to prevent and punish water theft or other problematic behavior. A ditch rider might be tasked with reviewing water use and the condition of the ditches, gates and users. Major repairs would be done in the winter when the ditches were dry.

Community building

Acequias are social institutions and formed the basis of some of the earliest cooperative  community government.[xxi] They continue today as models of sustainable agriculture and of community cooperation.[xxii] They depend on the commitment and ongoing interaction of a critical number of members who irrigate, pay their dues, contribute labor, come to meetings, and share water as needed. Members may also need to negotiate conflicts over water use and other ditch matters They might be required to take a turn as a mayordromo or commissioner.

The importance and value of community and cooperation have received surprisingly little attention in resource management. Farm scale research has too often neglected small farms and the opportunities for community and regional development and sustainability. Yet without community building most reforms are unlikely to spread or to survive. Using traditional resource management practices that build community can be a good way to restore a sense of community.[xxiii] can bring isolated farmers and land managers together.[xxiv]

If small community cohesion declines the traditional management of the acequia system can collapse. In Mayordomo, a book on a year on a ditch, the old-timers were already grousing that young people were too lazy to run the acequias.[xxv] Still, the acequias have endured. As Crawford notes, “Acequias have survived disruptions of language and culture how many times over hundreds of years?” he asks. “Three times at least. I think they’ve got a built-in mechanism for survival.”

Ecosystem services

Acequias also provide other valuable services including groundwater recharge and ecosystem enrichment.[xxvi] Traditional unlined acequias and side ditches add water to the ecosystem by seepage and leakage. In New Mexico the water budget of the Acequia de Alcalde was analyzed. During the three-year period of the study, over half of the water diverted into the acequia returned to the river relatively quickly as surface water.[xxvii] More water than is needed for irrigation is driven through the acequia to provide sufficient flow to reach the end of the ditch with enough water to irrigate.

Other studies have shown that seepage can range between one-third and one-half of the flow.[xxviii] In Spain the flow of water in the Spring may be diverted to areas known as simas.[xxix]  This water seeps into the ground and is known locally as “sowing water.” The acequia that supplies the village of Mecina-Bombarón sows water until the end of June most years. This recharges the groundwater and supports the flow of springs and streams. The acequias of the Sierra Nevada (Spain) have been recharging the underground aquifers for more than a thousand years.

Placing samis over Paleo-valleys would improve storage and speed water capture.[xxx] The best sites can be identified by airborne electromagnetic (AEM) mapping of groundwater basins.[xxxi] This has been done in California, New Mexico, Arizona, Australia and other countries. The catalyst for these studies in California was a groundbreaking study showing (AEM) surveys could detect the subterranean paleo valleys that can absorb as much as 60 percent more water than adjacent clay soil areas. Services are now available in the US.[xxxii]

Seepage from the acequia system allows a complex mix of vegetation and organisms to develop. The edge of acequias may mimic riparian ecosystems and cienagas. Some species are deliberately planted to help stabilize the ditch walls. Other plants seed themselves from nearby habitat or drift down the acequia. The lines of trees along acequias can be effective corridors and habitat for wildlife, much like fence rows.[xxxiii] On the family homestead in SW Colorado the small ditch that cut across our land supported wildlife including muskrats, beaver, fish, ducks, other birds, and many other species. Asparagus also sprouted along the ditch and was harvested.

The future and present

In many areas the acequias are the life of the village. Without them the farms would be dry and communities would die. Though ancient, this traditional water management system is sustainable, efficient and resilient. Rules, regulations and practices differ around the world and current and future challenges vary. Climate change poses a great challenge for small farmers around the world and in some cases acequias can help manage water efficiently. In many area creating acequias could help communities survive on-coming changes.

Legislation, lawsuits, education and investment can help acequias prosper. New Mexico has a very long history of use and their acequias communities have been effective in moving legislation to protect their status. This began in 1846 when New Mexico was claimed as a territory by General Stephen Watts Kearny.[xxxiv] In 1848 the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo pledged that property of every kind would be inviolably protected and this included the acequias. By the end of the 19th Century acequias had been recognized as quasi-public corporate entities and in 1907 the Acequia Act defined mayordromo and commission members rules, elections and responsibilities. Struggles have continued over water and land, but rights and status were clarified in new laws in 1978, 1987 and 2009. In 1987 the governor created the New Mexico Acequia Commission and in 1993  this was established by statute as an eleven member commission serving four-year terms.

In Spain a project was established by the Laboratory of Biocultural Archaeology at the University of Granada in 2014 to restore abandoned acequias and recover the flow of water, and traditional ecological knowledge.[xxxv] The Memolab project has restored 14 acequias and cleaned 30 others.

acequia restoration

While the project’s primary objective is to restore acequias, it’s also a social intervention, says project coordinator José María Martín Civantos, an archaeology professor at the university. The project also hoped to improve the governance of the community, to empower the community, to revitalize the communities, and to recover knowledge and practices.[xxxvi]

In the United States The Water Resources Development Act of 1986 recognized Acequia Irrigation Systems and authorized measures to protect and restore them. This act led to the US Army Corps of Engineers Acequia Restoration and Rehabilitation Program. Upgrades often include concrete lining, this saves water but reduces the ecosystem benefits.

Climate Change and the Way Forward

Climate change adds both new challenges and greater potential value for acequias. Longer, more severe droughts are expected.[xxxvii] As Caitriana Steele, an associate professor at New Mexico State University put it, “The acequia communities, they’re right on the frontline of these changes.”[xxxviii] Rising temperatures are causing the water from snowmelt to arrive earlier in the spring. This complicates irrigation management and can mean depleted flows in the summer, when the demand for water is highest. Adopting the use of simas may help cope with these changes by storing more water in the soil.

Bottom Line

Gravity-based irrigation with acequias is sustainable, ecological and economic, but it takes a community to make it work. Acequias are proven, traditionally-managed water systems that can be designed, built and maintained by local people. These elegant systems were neglected by researchers and policy makers until rcently,[xxxix] but when the electricity is out and the pumps fail their value is clear. It is time to rediscover, restore and expand the use of these marvelous water systems and other ancient, proven water management systems.[xl]

Video

Acequias: The Legacy Lives On is a fifty-six minute and forty-six second visually stunning documentary film about New Mexico’s enduring acequias as seen through the eyes of farmers, advocates, scholars, practitioners, and members of the community.

References

[i] Martín Civanto, J. M. Cultivating water in an age of climate change. Lapilli. Magma. https://www.magma-mag.net/cultivating-water-in-an-age-of-climate-change-2/  Accessed Feb. 6, 2025.

[ii] Ortloff, C. R. Roman hydraulic engineering. pp. 171–194. In Ortloff, C. R. ed. Water Engineering in Ancient Societies. MDPI Switzerland. (2022)

[iii] Walker, K. The Moorish invention that tamed Spain’s mountains. BBC, October 11.  (2022).

[iv] Atenciom, E. Acequia Waters. Taos acequias.org (2025)

[v] Rivera, J. A., Arellano, J. E., Lamadrid, E. R., Martinez, T.  Irrigation and Society in the Upper Río Grande Basin, U.S.A: A Heritage of Mutualism. University of New Mexico. 15 p. (2014)

[vi] Many irrigation companies in the SW developed similar management practices but were private, perhaps with an individual or group owning shares. Many experienced repeated failures and bankruptcies.

[vii] Mays, L. W. Ancient Water Technologies. Springer. (2010)

[viii] Rivera, J. A. and Lamadrid, E. R. Water for the People: The Acequia Heritage of New Mexico in a Global Context. University of New Mexico Press. (2023)

[ix] Trawick, P., Reig, M. O. and Salvador, G. P. Encounters with the moral economy of water: Convergent evolution in Valencia. WIREs Water. 1:87–110. (2014)

[x] Rivera, J. A. The roots of community in the Northern Rio Grande: Acequia mutualism, cultural endurance, and resilience. p 13. in NMSU2020.

[xi] Holling, C. S., Gunderson, L. H. and Allen, C. R. Foundations of Ecological Resilience. Island Press.  (2009)

[xii] Walker, K. op. cit.

[xiii] US Army Corps of Engineers Albuquerque District. Acequia Rehabilitation and Restoration Program. https://www.spa.usace.army.mil/Missions/Civil-Works/Acequia-Program/

[xiv] Buynak, B., Widdison, J., Bushnell, D. Acequias. Water Matters 4:1-20. (2013 [2007])

[xv] Rodriguez, S. Key Concepts for a Multidisciplinary Approach to Acequias. p 6. in (NMSU2020)

[xvi] Neuwirth, R. Centuries-old irrigation system shows how to manage scarce water. National Geographic. May 17. (2019) https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/acequias

[xvii] On a research plot I used in Riverside, California it took two valves and a gate and a considerable walk to get water from the ditch to the field.

[xviii] Mayagoitia, L., Hurd, B., Rivera, J., and Guldan, S. Rural Community perspectives on preparedness and adaptation to climate-change and demographic pressure. Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education. 147:49-62. (2012)

[xix] Davanzo, D. Framing the Spring Ritual of la limpia. pp. 29-37 in Rivera, J. A. and Lamadrid, E. R. Water for the People (2023)

[xx] Roedel, K. A New Mexico Pueblo’s antiquated irrigation system is being tested by drought, wildfires. KUNR Public Radio, May 11. (2023)

[xxi] Atencio, E.  Taos Acequias Association

[xxii] Rodriguez, S. Acequia: Water Sharing, Sanctity and Place. School for Advanced Research. Santa Fe.

[xxiii] Rivera, J. A. Acequia Culture: Water, Land and Community in the Southwest. University of NM Press, Albuquerque. (1998)

[xxiv] Bainbridge, D. A., Steen, A. and B., Eisenberg, D. The Straw Bale House. Chelsea Green. (1994).

[xxv] Crawford, S. Mayordomo. University of New Mexico Press. (1993)

[xxvi] Fernald, A. G., Baker, T. T. and Guldan, S. J. Hydrologic, riparian, and agroecosystem functions of traditional acequia irrigation systems. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 30(2):147-171. (2007)

[xxvii] Ochoa, C. G., Guldan, S. J., and Fernald, S.  Surface water and groundwater interactions in acequia systems of Northern New Mexico  p36 in (NMSU2020)

[xxviii] Neuwirth, R. Centuries-old irrigation system shows how to manage scarce water. National Geographic. May 17. (2019) https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/acequias

[xxix] Walker, K. op. cit..

[xxx] Gies, E. 2022. Capturing the flood in California’s ancient underground waterways. Bay Nature. January 4. (2022)

[xxxi] Cahill, N. High tech mapping of Central Valley’s underground blazes path to drought resiliency. Western Water. June 1 (2023)

[xxxii] Collier Geophysics. https://colliergeophysics.com/airborne-geophysics/

[xxxiii] Montgomery, I.,  Caruso, T. and Reid, N.  Hedgerows as ecosystems: service delivery, management, and restoration. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics. 51:81–102. (2020)

[xxxiv] Buynak et al. op. cit.

[xxxv] Walker, K. op. cit.

[xxxvi] Bocanegra, E. Restoring water channels from the days of Al-Andalus to irrigate modern Spain. El Pais. January 6. (2022)

[xxxvii] Chen, L., Brun P., Buri P. et al. Global increase in the occurrence and impact of multiyear droughts. Science. Jan 17;387(6731):278–284. (2025)

[xxxviii] Medrano, L. Can New Mexico’s Ancient Water System Survive Climate Change? Undark. 10.09. (2024). https://undark.org/2024/10/09/new-mexico-ancient-water-system-survive-climate-change/

[xxxix] Google search “acequia research paper” 68,000 hits,  “drip irrigation research papers 4 million

[xl] See for example Bainbridge, D. A. Qanats. EcoMENA. (2025); Bainbridge, D. A. Stepwells. EcoMENA (2024),

Bainbridge, D. A. Gardening with Less Water.

Bainbridge, D. A. Buried clay pot irrigation. Agricultural Water Management. 48(2):79-88. (2001)

Tips for Selling Your Home Fast

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Selling a home can be a whirlwind of activity, from sprucing up the space to finalizing the closing details. While the process can seem daunting, a strategic approach will help move your property off the market at a faster pace. By focusing on presentation, pricing, marketing, availability, and negotiation, you can turn the ‘For Sale’ sign into ‘Sold.’ Below, we reveal the essential tactics to make your home irresistible to prospective buyers. Keep reading to uncover these insider tips.

home sale

Preparing Your Home for a Quick Sale: Essential Staging Strategies

First impressions are crucial when it comes to selling homes. This is where staging plays a pivotal role. Ensuring your home looks inviting and well-maintained can make all the difference. Consider hiring a professional stager to highlight the best features of your property, or if you’re on a budget, simply decluttering and rearranging furniture can transform your space. Fresh paint in neutral colors and repairs to obvious defects will also show that your home is well cared for.

It’s not just the inside that counts- curb appeal is equally important. Landscaping that is tidy and well-manicured creates an inviting first impression. Adding a pop of color with seasonal flowers and ensuring walkways and entrances are clear and clean can catch a buyer’s eye before they step through the door. Remember, you’re not just selling a space; you’re selling the idea of a lifestyle.

A well-staged home helps potential buyers visualize their life in the space. This might include setting up each room with a clear purpose and removing personal items that can distract buyers. Instead, incorporate elements that make the space feel warm and lived-in. Strategically placing a faux tree indoors can enhance the ambiance and make a room feel more welcoming.

Flexibility and Accessibility: Scheduling Showings That Sell

Once your home is on the market, being flexible with showing schedules can significantly aid in its sale. The more accessible your home is for viewings, the higher your chances of finding a buyer quickly. Try to accommodate various schedules and be prepared for last-minute requests, as these could come from highly interested parties.

During showings, ensure your home is in pristine condition. It may be worthwhile to vacate the property during these times to give buyers the freedom to explore and discuss freely. Ensure pets are taken care of and any odors are neutralized. A comfortable and pressure-free environment will allow potential buyers to envision themselves living in your home.

Creating a welcoming and ‘ready-to-move-in’ atmosphere is also crucial. For example, ensuring that your heating or cooling systems are in top condition with the assistance of reputable service providers, such as One Source Heating, Cooling, Plumbing & Electrical in Birmingham, AL, can reassure buyers of the home’s comfort and functionality.

Marketing Your Home Effectively: Techniques for Online and Offline Outreach

In today’s digital world, marketing your home online is essential. High-quality photographs and virtual tours allow buyers to connect with your home before visiting. Investing in professional photography can enhance your property’s features and attract more views to your online listings, which in turn may lead to more physical showings.

eco-friendly home improvements to increase home value

However, don’t neglect the power of traditional marketing tactics. Yard signs, open houses, and print advertisements in local newspapers still have their place and can draw in a segment of buyers who prefer a more hands-on approach. Combining both online and offline marketing strategies increases your chances of reaching a wider audience.

Negotiation Tactics to Seal the Deal Quickly and Efficiently

Negotiation is an art form that can seal the deal on a house sale. As the seller, it’s essential to know what you’re willing to compromise on and what your deal-breakers are. Go into negotiations with a clear strategy but also maintain an open mind; flexibility can often lead to a faster sale.

Understand that the first offer may not always be the best one you’ll get, but also recognize when it might be wise to accept a reasonable proposal. Be prepared with counteroffers that are fair and well-reasoned, focusing on creating win-win situations. The guidance of an experienced real estate agent can be invaluable during this phase, as they can provide an objective viewpoint and negotiate on your behalf.

Altogether, a home sale that moves briskly requires a mix of aesthetic appeal, realistic pricing, robust marketing, open availability, and shrewd negotiation. By employing these strategies with a considerate and calculated approach, you can foster a smoother and expedient selling process, making the transition easier for both you and the buyer.

النفايات الغذائية وروح رمضان

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في السنوات الأخيرة، أثارت  الكميات الهائلة من النفايات الغذائية خلال شهر رمضان المبارك جدل كبير في البلدان الإسلامية وغيرها. وفقا تقديرات متحفظة، نحو خمس المواد الغذائية التي يتم شراؤها أو التي أعدت خلال شهر رمضان تجد طريقها إلى صناديق القمامة أو مقالب النفيات. وهذا يمثل الاف الأطنان من المواد الغذائية الثمينة التي كان يمكن استخدامها لتغذية عشرات الملايين من الجياع في الدول الفقيرة في آسيا وأفريقيا وأماكن أخرى.هذه الكمية المذهلة من النفايات الغذائية خلال شهر رمضان تتطلب استراتيجية قوية وعاجلة للتقليل منها ،و استغلالها بشكل مستدام و كذلك التخلص منها  بكيفية صديقة للبيئة.

food waste in ramadan

خطورة الوضع

تعتبر دول الشرق الأوسط  أكبر المبذرين للاغذية في العالم، وخلال شهر رمضان يأخذ الوضع  منعطفا نحو الأسوأ. شهدت مدينة مكة المكرمة انتاج  5000 طن من مخلفات الطعام خلال الأيام الثلاثة الأولى من شهر رمضان في عام 2014. و يضيع حوالي 500 طن من المواد الغذائية في دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة خلال شهر رمضان المبارك. في البحرين، وتوليد النفايات الغذائية يتجاوز 400 طن يوميا خلال الشهر الفضيل.نفسه الحال في قطر حيث يجد ما يقرب من نصف المواد الغذائية التي أعدت خلال شهر رمضان طريقها إلى صناديق القمامة. السيناريو في دول إسلامية أقل ثراء ،مثل ماليزيا واندونيسيا ومصر وباكستان ،لا يختلف. وذكرت الوكالة الحكومية  لإدارة النفايات الصلبة و التنظيف العمومي في ماليزيا، أن أكثر من 270،000 طن من المواد الغذائية ألقيت في صناديق القمامة خلال شهر رمضان.

لا حاجة للتذكير أن كمية النفايات الغذائية المنتجة في رمضان هو أعلى بكثير من غيره من الشهور،بنسبة  تصل إلى 25٪. هناك ميول مزمن للمسلمين تجاه الإفراط في التساهل والإسراف في شهر رمضان، على الرغم من أن النبي محمد ( صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) أمرالمسلمين تبني الاعتدال في كل مناحي الحياة. المواقف الاجتماعية والثقافية وأنماط الحياة المترفة تلعب أيضا  دورا رئيسيا في توليد المزيد من فضلات الطعام في شهر رمضان في الدول الإسلامية كلها تقريبا. الفئات ذات الدخل المرتفع عادة ما تظهر معدلا أكبر من النفايات الغذائية للفرد الواحد بالمقارنة مع الفئات الأقل ثراء. في الدول الإسلامية، الفنادق والمطاعم تساهم  بقدر كبيرمن النفايات الغذائية خلال شهر رمضان بسبب البوفيهات المترفة وحفلات الإفطار الباهظة.

food trash in ramadan

Super-lavish buffets and extravagant Iftar parties are big contributors of food waste in Ramadan

 النهج القويم

أهم الخطوات للحد من هدر الغذاء في شهر رمضان تكمن في تغيير السلوك، وزيادة الوعي العام ،وسنّ التشريعات ، وإنشاء بنوك الطعام والمشاركة المجتمعية. نحن في حاجة إلى قوانين فعالة وحملات توعية لإقناع الناس بالإلتزام بتقليل النفايات و تبنّي أساليب الحياة المستدامة. انشاء بنوك الغذاء في المناطق السكنية وكذلك التجارية يمكن أن يكون وسيلة فعّالة جدا للاستفادة من فائض المواد الغذائية بطريقة إنسانية وأخلاقية.في الواقع، بنوك الغذاء في دول مثل مصر والهند وباكستان تعمل بنجاح، ولكن هناك حاجة ماسّة لمثل هذه المبادرات على نطاق أوسع لمواجهة هذا التهديد الذي تمثله فضلات الطعام.

وضعت دبي مبادئ توجيهية جديدة لخفض الهدر الغذائي وتبسيط التبرع بالمواد الغذائية الزائدة التي أعدت في الحفلات والبوفيهات.  “حِـفْظ النعمة” هي مبادرة بارزة لضمان أن فائض الطعام من الفنادق وحفلات الإفطار والأسر لا يضيع وأن يصل إلى المحتاجين في ظروف آمنة وصحية.

خلال شهر رمضان المبارك لعام 2015، أطلقت بلدية دبي مبادرة تسمى “المنازل الذكية”، والتي سوف تستمر هذا العام. المبادرة تحث المقيمين في دبي على الحد من النفايات خلال الشهر الفضيل. “المنازل الذكية” هي تقنية لجمع النفايات في حاويات الإلكترونية تقيس كمية النفايات التي ينتجها كل منزل. المبادرة تستهدف أساسا المناطق السكنية التي أغلبها من آلإماراتيين بسبب تجمعاتهم العائلية الكبيرة. البيوت التي تنتج كمية أقل من النفايات خلال شهر رمضان تحصل على  جوائز نقدية وشهاداتتنويه لتشجيعهم على تقليل النفايات.

بالإضافة إلى هذه المبادرات، يمكن لعلماء الدين وأئمة المساجد أن يلعبوا دور حيويا في تحفيز المسلمين على اتباع مبادئ الاستدامة الإسلامية، كما ذكر في القرآن الكريم والحديث الشريف. أفضل طريقة للحد من هدر المواد الغذائية خلال شهر رمضان هي أن نتضامن مع الملايين والملايين من الناس في جميع أنحاء العالم الذين يواجهون صعوبات كبيرة في الحصول على وجبة واحدة كل يوم.

ترجمه للعربية –  يوسف بنغزواني

خريج المعهد العالي للتجارة و إدارة المقاولات بالمغرب. حاصل على البكالوريا في الاقتصاد  وعلى ماجستير في إدارة الأعمال (MBA) من كندا. هو ايضا متخصص في إدارة المشاريع معتمد  من قبل معهد إدارة المشاريع (PMI) في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية.  

Powering the Future: Eco-Friendly Electrical Solutions for a Sustainable World

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You constantly seek efficient ways to reduce your carbon footprint, yet the challenge remains daunting. Rising utility bills and growing climate concerns spur you to find new strategies that power your home sustainably.

You want simple, effective solutions that don’t compromise comfort or safety. By embracing solar panels, LED lighting, and energy-efficient upgrades, you stay a step ahead. Your commitment to cleaner power starts with a trusted partner.

eco-friendly electrical solutions

For guidance on greener wiring and maintenance, rely on an Eco Friendly electrician who understands your environmental vision. You can harness renewable energy sources to minimize emissions, reduce costs, and secure a brighter future.

Why Eco-Electricity Matters

You’re living in a world where sustainable power solutions are no longer optional, but essential. By embracing clean electricity, you directly support a healthier planet.

  • Reduce carbon output: lower overall emissions and mitigate climate change.
  • Empower local economies: encourage job creation and regional growth.
  • Foster energy independence: reduce reliance on imported fossil fuels.
  • Improve public health: limit harmful airborne pollutants and risks.
  • Drive technological innovation: stimulate research in clean energy solutions.

Your daily habits gain deeper value when powered by eco-friendly electricity. You help shift global energy trends, positively guaranteeing a stable environment for future generations.

Exploring Renewable Energy Sources

You’re probably noticing a surge in renewables. Whether it’s solar, wind, or geothermal, these solutions harness endless resources while drastically cutting greenhouse gas emissions worldwide.

Solar, Wind, and More

So many clean options exist beyond standard choices. Wave power, hydropower, and biomass are increasingly reliable, letting you diversify your energy mix for greater stability.

Balancing Efficiency and Affordability

You want modern solutions that won’t break your budget. Many nations are incentivizing renewables with subsidies, lowering costs and increasing access for everyday households businesses.

Environmental Co-Benefits

Beyond electricity, renewables champion biodiversity, water conservation, and climate protection. By adopting eco-tech, you reduce habitat destruction and preserve resources needed for future societal growth.

Harnessing Solar Power Effectively

Solar power offers cost-effective potential for your home or business. By installing panels, you tap into the sun’s transformative energy and slash monthly utility bills.

Panel Efficiency Evolution

Modern photovoltaics are becoming more efficient every year. Innovative materials and improved designs ensure you capture maximum sunlight, even during cloudy conditions or limited daylight.

Storage and Backup Systems

Batteries pair well with solar arrays to keep electricity flowing whenever demand rises. You stay powered through storms, outages, or nighttime hours with reliable results.

Community Collaboration

You can promote neighborhood-wide adoption by advocating shared solar initiatives. Combining resources spreads costs, reduces risk, and boosts overall impact for a broader, cleaner future.

For detailed guidance on global solar goals, visit the United Nations resource highlighting large-scale efforts, and future prospects worldwide, paving the way for policy shifts.

Wind Energy’s Growing Impact

You see more turbines everywhere. Wind power is scaling rapidly, delivering clean electricity to millions while decreasing reliance on fossil fuel-generated sources and boosting sustainability.

Onshore vs. Offshore

Onshore farms are more common, but offshore developments harness stronger and steadier breezes. You gain continuous output, maximizing overall production and supporting peak electricity demand.

small wind turbines by freen

A Tech-Driven Future

Smarter turbine designs reduce noise and everyday maintenance costs while boosting performance. Modern sensors read wind patterns, letting you adjust blade angles for optimal efficiency.

Community Engagement

Successful wind initiatives depend on public support. You can encourage transparency, fair land use agreements, and inclusive decision-making to foster trust and widespread project acceptance.

Innovative Eco-Friendly Electrical Technologies

Innovation fuels green energy’s rapid expansion. You see incredible breakthroughs from energy storage to decentralized grids, all aiming to enhance reliability, affordability, and environmental responsibility.

  • Smart grids: real-time data-driven networks ensuring efficient power routing and reduced wastage.
  • Hydrogen solutions: storing energy from renewables as clean, flexible fuel sources.
  • Building automation: sensor-run systems optimizing heat, lighting, and ventilation.
  • Wireless charging: convenient options that eliminate the need for traditional cables and outlets.
  • Energy harvesting devices: tiny generators collecting ambient energy for small-scale electronic applications.

These technologies spur fresh economic opportunities. By embracing them, you consistently reduce carbon footprints while enjoying faster, smarter, and more resilient electrical services every day.

Advantages of Sustainable Energy Adoption

A shift toward renewables invigorates economies, improves public health, and alleviates climate risks. You’re investing in prosperity and safeguarding global generations simultaneously, and fostering stability.

Economic Growth

Clean industries create more new jobs, from research and manufacturing to installation and maintenance. You help strengthen steady local markets and diversify income streams sustainably.

Healthier Communities

Green power reduces pollution-related diseases, lowering healthcare expenses. As you transition your lifestyle, you breathe cleaner air and experience improved well-being, enjoying long-term societal benefits.

Climate Security

Emissions-free energy helps slow global warming, preventing extreme weather events. Your switch propels vital reductions in greenhouse gases that threaten Earth’s balance and protect communities.

Accelerating Electric Vehicle Integration

Transportation electrification offers incredible prospects. By choosing electric vehicles, you diminish tailpipe emissions, reduce noise pollution, and truly move us closer to full electrified mobility.

  • Wider model availability: expanded EV lineups catering to various lifestyles and budgets.
  • Longer range batteries: improved storage capacity keeps you confident during extended drives.
  • Growing charging networks: simplified roadway travel with abundant quick-charging stations.
  • Smart charging solutions: schedule recharges to optimize off-peak rates and grid stability.
  • Fleet electrification: companies shift commercial vehicles to EVs, slashing logistical costs and emissions.

When you embrace EVs, you support reduced dependence on oil, expanded clean tech investment, and healthier communities. Every drive becomes truly part of something bigger.

Microgrids for Sustainable Energy Independence

Microgrids function autonomously or alongside larger networks, providing localized power management. You gain resilience, significantly minimize outages, and protect vital infrastructure from major unexpected disruptions.

Localized Control

Microgrid operators can segregate from the main grid when needed. You maintain steady electricity supplies, especially during storms or unexpected grid-level failures, and ensure reliability.

smart grid components

Renewable Integration

A microgrid easily incorporates solar, wind, or biomass generation. You boost self-sufficiency while lowering dependence on centralized plants that rely heavily on imported fossil fuels.

Critical Infrastructure Support

Hospitals, emergency services, and essential businesses benefit from microgrids. You keep vital operations running even if main lines fail during dramatic disasters or peak demand.

Government Incentives and Policy Support

Policy frameworks can rapidly expand renewable energy adoption. You benefit from tax credits, rebates, and regulations that encourage private investments in sustainable infrastructure and cheaper financing.

Streamlined Permits

Faster approvals simplify the project pipeline, so you see renewables installed quickly. This accelerates market growth and fosters a competitive environment among clean energy providers.

Research and Development Funds

When authorities allocate resources for innovation, everyone benefits. You witness advanced technologies maturing faster, resulting in lower costs and dramatically improved performance across renewable markets.

Pathway to Equity

Well-crafted policies ensure cleaner power reaches disadvantaged communities. You support fair access, bridging social divides and truly guaranteeing environmental benefits for every segment of society.

Real-World Renewable Energy Successes

Countries worldwide implement large-scale clean initiatives, demonstrating feasibility and cost reductions. By examining real data, you learn how renewables transform entire economies and enhance security.

  • Denmark’s wind leadership: over 40% of its energy originates from wind farms.
  • Spain’s solar surge: robust PV installations power millions of homes effectively.
  • Kenya’s geothermal breakthroughs: tapping volcanic resources for aplenty, steady electricity.
  • Germany’s Energiewende policies: encouraging rapid renewable growth and decreased coal reliance.
  • South Australia’s mega-battery: guaranteeing grid stability and supporting high renewable fractions.

Eager for projected trends? Review the IEA’s latest findings to see how global energy evolves by 2030, confirming renewables’ impressive and unstoppable market dominance.

Empower a Greener Tomorrow

You drive change by adopting renewable solutions, embracing emerging innovations, and inspiring others toward collective action. By choosing clean energy, leveraging policy incentives, and supporting electric mobility, you secure a resilient tomorrow and purposefully preserve the planet’s vitality for generations.

The Importance of Minimizing Food Waste During Ramadan

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The month of Ramadan is a great opportunity to draw closer to Allah and review daily habits and behaviors, including eating habits. During this blessed month, the focus is on fasting and worship, but it is also important to reflect on the impact of food waste on society and the environment, especially with the high rates of food waste during Iftar and Suhoor.

food waste minimization in ramadan

The Holy Quran says:

“Eat and drink, but do not waste. Surely He does not like the wasteful.”

[Al-A’raf: 31].

This noble verse lays a strong foundation for the concept of moderation and balance in consumption, as Allah Almighty forbids extravagance and emphasizes that moderation in eating and drinking is a beloved behavior that pleases Allah.

As the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said:

“Eat, drink, dress, and give in charity without extravagance and without conceit” [narrated by Ahmad].

This ecological hadith directs us to achieve balance in our consumption, as Islam encourages generosity and charity, but at the same time it calls for avoiding waste and extravagance.

There are many reasons for food waste during the holy month of Ramadan, the most prominent of which is preparing excessive amounts of food that exceed the family’s needs, which leads to disposing of the surplus, in addition to rushing to prepare the Iftar and Suhoor table without prior planning, which causes some foods to spoil before they are eaten. Moreover, social customs, such as large banquets, contribute to a significant increase in food waste.

To avoid this phenomenon, individuals and communities bear the responsibility of reducing food waste by making conscious decisions at the family and community levels. This can be achieved by proper meal planning, purchasing the appropriate quantities of food, and reusing surplus food instead of throwing it away. The culture of donating food to needy people can also be promoted through food banks that distribute food to less privileged sections of the society.

food bank in dubai

In addition, food waste can be reduced by adopting sustainable practices, such as storing food properly to preserve it for a longer period, and using leftover food to prepare new recipes, in addition to raising community awareness about the importance of preserving food resources.

Ultimately, reducing food waste is a noble behavior that espouses Islamic values ​​and contributes to achieving social justice by helping the poor and needy. The minimization of food waste also helps to preserve natural resources and protect the environment from the detrimental impacts of food waste. Therefore, adopting responsible eating habits during Ramadan is an important step towards achieving sustainability and social solidarity.

Maximizing Your College Planning: Tips for Future Success

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Embarking on the journey to higher education can be an exhilarating but complex process. From choosing the right institution to securing sufficient funding, every decision made can significantly affect a student’s future. With careful planning and strategic actions, high school students and their families can navigate through the maze of college admissions and emerge successfully. Below, we provide key insights and actionable tips to maximize your college planning for future success.

college planning guide

Financial Strategies for Higher Education

Navigating the financial aspect of college planning is a critical component of the process. Understanding the cost of attendance, which includes tuition, books, housing, and other expenses, is the first step. Once you have a clear picture, establishing a savings plan early can alleviate financial strain in the future. Families might explore 529 plans or other savings accounts specifically designed for education-related expenses.

Financial aid is a vital resource for most college-bound students. Completing the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) is essential to determine eligibility for grants, loans, and work-study programs. Deadlines for these forms are stringent, and early submission often yields better financial aid packages. Students should also research state and institutional aid programs that they may qualify for.

Scholarships represent another avenue to fund higher education. These awards are based on various criteria such as academic merit, athletic ability, artistic skills, or community service. Students should actively search and apply for scholarships, including niche scholarships that align with their unique backgrounds or interests. For example, securing scholarships for college freshman can significantly reduce the financial burden of the first year of study.

Leveraging Technology in College Preparation

When preparing for college, students can harness technology to streamline the process and enhance their preparedness. Digital platforms offer virtual tours, allowing prospective students to explore campuses nationwide without the need for travel. This can be especially helpful in narrowing down college choices or in deciding between final options.

Online resources also provide a plethora of information on college readiness, from webinars and MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) to blogs and academic forums. Utilizing these tools can strengthen study skills, expand knowledge on chosen subjects, and offer insights into collegiate life. Participating in online communities can also offer valuable support and advice from peers undergoing similar experiences.

The savvy student might even explore online degree programs or consider supplementing their college education with online courses. For those looking to pursue advanced degrees, resources like a masters education leadership program can be easily accessed online—providing flexibility and breadth to post-secondary education options.

Developing a Comprehensive Academic and Extracurricular Profile

Colleges look for well-rounded applicants who excel not only academically but also in extracurricular activities. Students should aim to maintain a strong GPA throughout high school but also engage in clubs, sports, volunteer work, or artistic endeavors that showcase their interests and talents. This balance demonstrates to college admissions officers a capacity for time management and passion beyond the classroom.

Advanced Placement (AP) courses, International Baccalaureate (IB) programs, and dual enrollment classes are valuable opportunities to exhibit academic rigor and earn college credit. Participating in these challenging curricula can make a college application stand out and also reduce future college coursework. Such experiences signal a student’s readiness for the rigor of college-level academics.

Leadership positions within extracurricular activities are particularly impressive on a college application. Whether serving as captain of a sports team, president of a student organization, or founder of a community service project, these roles illustrate initiative, responsibility, and the ability to collaborate with others. Students should seek positions that align with their interests and where they can genuinely contribute.

education-for-sustainable-development

Building a Strong Support Network for Educational Success

A robust support network is instrumental to the success of any college-bound student. Engaging with mentors, teachers, and guidance counselors can provide encouragement and advice tailored to individual goals. These relationships also facilitate strong letters of recommendation that can impress college admissions committees and scholarship boards.

Connecting with peers who are also preparing for college can offer a sense of camaraderie and a shared pool of knowledge. Whether through a college prep club at school or an online community, networking with others in the same phase of life can provide moral support and motivation. These peer networks can often continue to provide support throughout one’s college career.

Altogether, a strategic approach to college planning will encompass an understanding of the admissions landscape, academic excellence, finance management, technology utilization, and the cultivation of a strong support network. Overall, with these components in place, students will be well-equipped to tackle the college admissions process and achieve educational success.

Food Wastage in Ramadan: An Urgent Call to Action

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The month of Ramadan witnesses a great rush of frantic buyers who are buying and storing food items and allied commodities. Unfortunately, Muslims countries, especially Gulf nations, generate huge quantities of food waste which increases manifolds during the month of Ramadan and festivals like Eid ul Fitr and Eid ul Adha whereby the consumption and wastage of food increase at an alarming level.

food-waste-Ramadan

Firstly, the food habits change in the month of Ramadan whereby Sahoor or breakfast/ meal is taken early in the morning. Later after sunset Iftar/ Fatoor (opening of the fast) is taken usually with specially cooked food, drinks and meals later to be followed by dinner. Use of various snacks also continues till early morning. To cope up with this extra demand of food usage, majority of individuals and families buy more than what is required putting an extra pressure on food item providers who procure and import extra quantity of food to meet with the customers demands.

Secondly, a large quantity of food is wasted which is often cooked and un-utilized as people prefer to have fresh food and items made for Suhoor which are not usually consumed at Fatoor. Similarly, food items made at Fatoor are also not much utilized at dinner where the menu is different, causing great wastage of food which ultimately find its way to the garbage bin and ultimately landing at the only landfill site in the country.

food-overconsumption

The extra food waste has to be stored in communal bins provided by the waste management contractors, handled, loaded and transported by trucks and disposed at landfill site, where it is compacted and covered with soil, causing an extra burden on the waste collection contractors, cost to municipalities and utilizing extra quarry areas causing pollution of varied nature.

While the dumping of food and other organic waste poses many serious environmental problems like attracting birds, proliferation of vermin and insects, generation of greenhouse gases but the major problem is huge waste of money as foreign exchange in procuring the expensive food items which are mainly imported from nearby and far-off countries.

Food wastage is being done at many stages, firstly significant quantity of food procured by the wholesalers, importers, traders get expired and have to be thrown and discarded. Secondly, the retailers also discard huge quantity of food which is not being bought by the consumers, which get rot and expired and needs to be disposed of. Thirdly, the consumers after buying the food items also waste in two forms, either the items are un-utilized and expired or it is being processed, cooked but remains unused, uneaten and get rot and thrown into the garbage.

Around 15-20% of all food purchased by consumers becomes rot and find its way to the garbage bin before even being used or eaten. This percentage increases to around 30% during Ramadan and festivals.

Global food shortages, soaring commodity prices, changing weather pattern, greenhouse gases and alarming impacts on the environment require an immediate action towards this neglected subject. Today, hundreds of millions of people worldwide face food shortages caused by rising populations, droughts and increased demand for land, which have sparked riots and protests from Haiti to Mauritania and from Yemen to the Philippines.

food-waste-management-qatar

The enormous food waste generation can be witnessed at all levels from the wholesaler to retailer and to consumers. It is environmentally and morally offensive that as a society we have become so casual about the basic materials of life. Over the period of years, the society and people have become more wasteful due to rise in income, living standards and affordability. But affordability does not mean that wastage should increase.

“It is worth reminding ourselves that for every tonne of food waste we avoid creating, we save four and a half tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent”.

We need to develop better food habits and respect for Mother Nature. The “social and cultural solution” lies in the smart way of dealing with food waste. We should:

  • Buy only what we want and in actual quantities rather than random shopping.
  • Buying items with a longer expiry dates for ease in using it during that period.
  • Buying food items especially fruits and vegetables in smaller quantities depending on use.
  • Daily checking the food items in our fridge/ deep freezer and in our fruit basket regarding items that may get rot/ expired. Utilizing it or giving it to others before it becomes waste.
  • Utilizing leftover foods. Storing, saving and re-using the left overs ‘as it is’ or making other food/ eatables from the left overs.

How to Green Your Ramadan: An Easy Guide

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Ramadan is a month which is very different than other months in terms of activities, praying and eating habits. The month call for not eating and drinking from sunrise to sunset to boost physical and mental endurance and to understand the hardships faced by the unprivileged human beings who do not have enough resources to satisfy their basic necessities. The true meaning of Ramadan is purifying ourselves, taking care of our body, soul, people, surrounding and ecosystems which is supporting us.

environmentally-friendly-ramadan

The month of Ramadan is a golden opportunity to consider making a shift towards a green and sustainable lifestyle that is environment-friendly, non-polluting, non-wasteful and aim toward saving of natural resources. The green lifestyle means improving the quality of life and achieving sustainable development.

Let us create awareness on resource usage during Ramadan, think and act positively towards our environment and change unsustainable habits which are harming our environment. Let us seize this opportunity provided by Ramadan and adopt a model for a green and responsible behavior that addresses the urgent environmental issues.

The month sees an over-consumption of meat, vegetables and fruits together with drinks, juices and syrups. We become more extravagant in terms of using food and resources. Unfortunately, Ramadan has also become synonymous with tremendous food waste generation in Islamic countries, especially in the Middle East. So, let us be patient on these consumption, eat healthy and organic food in manageable quantities.

Let us grow vegetables and fruits at our available land/ space. Use food items judiciously and avoid any wastage. Let us be away from our routine habits that pollute our air, soil and water resources. Let us be aware of our wasteful habits which are affecting the environment and our future generations.

We need to understand that any mismanagement of our precious available resources will be having an irreversible impacts on our ecology and for our future generations. Let us make concerted effort to encourage and embrace green practices, especially during Ramadan.

green-ramadan

Use food items judiciously and avoid any wastage during Ramadan

Ramadan presents the perfect opportunity to recharge our spiritual batteries for the year. It is a time to seek forgiveness for our misgivings and to reflect upon the signs of creation from Allah. As human beings, we have a duty as stewards over this planet, and it is our responsibility to ensure that the resources and environment are used in a sustainable manner.

Also Read: The Importance of Minimizing Food Waste During Ramadan

Let the holy month of Ramadan not only harness our mental and physical ability but also be a turning point for respecting our natural resources and environment. Here are some basic tips to green your Ramadan:

  • Support and utilize local produce.
  • Plan food usage with no wastage.
  • Reducing the water usage, especially during ablutions. Be vigilant that the tap is closed. Any dripping should be eliminated to conserve precious water.
  • Reducing our energy and carbon footprint.
  • Generating less quantity of waste especially food waste. Support and practice recycling and reuse.
  • No littering especially in common areas, commercial and religious places and shopping areas.
  • Minimum or no use of plastic bags. Using less paper and stationery.
  • Switching off appliances after use like lights, ACs, fans, heaters, iron etc.
  • Using electrical appliances like washing machines, iron, vacuum cleaner and dishwashers in off peak hours.
  • Replacing lights bulbs from incandescent to compact fluorescent and turning off lights when they are not in use.
  • Eliminate use of disposables plates, cutlery, cups, containers etc. Avoid using styrofoam containers and plastic cutlery.

The Benefits of Natural Ventilation in Buildings

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Natural ventilation is a method of allowing fresh outdoor air into indoor living spaces by natural means without the use of air conditioning units and other types of mechanically driven devices. It  is the process of changing or replacing stale or noxious air with fresh air in any space to provide high indoor air quality to control temperature, replenish oxygen, remove moisture, odors, smoke, heat, dust, airborne bacteria and carbon dioxide.

natural ventilation

Ventilation is important as it reduces unhealthy air pollutants, such as formaldehyde and radon. It reduces excessive moisture and humidity levels, which can lead to mold growth and can cause structural damage. Ventilation reduces naturally occurring odors in the house from pets, cooking, smoking, and other everyday living activities.

While buying or moving to a dwelling, we often consider factors like exterior and interior of building, paint, space, location, building finishes, tiles, ceramics, bathroom and electrical fittings etc., but we never ponder on the ventilation aspect. Perhaps this is due to having air conditioners in almost all modern buildings.

Ventilation is provided through openings such as windows, ventilators and doors. Because of central cooling systems, most people don’t open windows and doors as often. Therefore, air conditioning has become the only principal mode of ventilation in urban surroundings.

A home’s natural ventilation rate is unpredictable and uncontrollable due to the openings, depending on dwelling location, size and number of openings in wind direction. Thus, one cannot rely on natural wind only to ventilate a house uniformly.

Ventilation is needed for removing water vapor produced by respiration, burning, and cooking, and for removing odors. If water vapor is permitted to accumulate, it may damage the structure, insulation, or finishes. In the absence of adequate ventilation, irritating or harmful contaminants can build up, causing occupant discomfort, health problems and reduced performance levels.

Harmful pollutants from a variety of sources can contribute to building-related illnesses. Ventilation systems that are improperly operated or maintained can contribute to sick building syndrome (SBS) which may cause symptoms like dry mucous membranes, eyes, nose and throat irritation. These disorders lead to increased occupant sickness and reduced work efficiency.

stack ventilation

The advantages of natural ventilation are many and can have a tremendous positive impact on its occupants, building and the environment. It is suggested that natural ventilation is to be used on optimum basis keeping following aspects in mind:

  • Use fans at appropriate locations to blow air from the cool side of the dwelling to the hotter side.
  • Don’t keep your windows closed.
  • Do occasional air wash of your dwelling.
  • Open windows for durations, depending on the sunlight and its intensity.
  • Cross ventilation in a dwelling will enhance air quality and will avoid it to become a sick building.
  • Provide fountains, pools or swimming pools outside the dwelling which can act as transition spaces where air is naturally cooled before passing through interiors.

A proper design, operation and maintenance of the ventilation system is essential in providing indoor air that is free of harmful concentrations of pollutants. Improvements in indoor ventilation may substantially increase an individual’s health, morale and productivity.

أهمية تقليل هدر الطعام في شهر رمضان

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عدّ شهر رمضان فرصة عظيمة للتقرّب إلى الله عز وجل ومراجعة العادات والسلوكيات اليومية، بما في ذلك العادات الغذائية. في هذا الشهر الفضيل، يدور التركيز حول الصيام والعبادة، لكن من الضروري أيضًا أن نتأمل في تأثير هدر الطعام على المجتمع والبيئة، خاصة مع ارتفاع معدلات الإسراف في الطعام خلال الإفطار والسحور.

food wastage in ramadan

قد ورد في القرآن الكريم قوله تعالى:

“وَكُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا وَلَا تُسْرِفُوا إِنَّهُ لَا يُحِبُّ الْمُسْرِفِينَ“

[الأعراف: 31].

هذه الآية الكريمة تضع أساسًا قويًا لمفهوم الاعتدال والوسطية في الاستهلاك، حيث ينهى الله سبحانه وتعالى عن الإسراف ويؤكد أن الاعتدال في الأكل والشرب هو سلوك محبب يرضي الله. 

كما قال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: “كُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا وَتَصَدَّقُوا وَالْبَسُوا فِي غَيْرِ إِسْرَافٍ وَلَا مَخِيلَةٍ” [رواه أحمد].

 يوجهنا هذا الحديث الشريف إلى تحقيق التوازن في استهلاكنا، فالإسلام يحث على الكرم والتصدق، لكنه في الوقت ذاته يدعو إلى عدم التبذير والإسراف. 

تتعدد أسباب هدر الطعام خلال شهر رمضان، ومن أبرزها تحضير كميات زائدة من الطعام تفوق احتياجات العائلة، مما يؤدي إلى التخلص من الفائض، إضافة إلى التسرّع في إعداد مائدة الإفطار دون تخطيط مسبق، مما يجعل بعض الأطعمة تتعرض للتلف قبل تناولها. ثم أن العادات الاجتماعية، مثل الولائم الكبيرة، تساهم في زيادة الإسراف بشكل ملحوظ. 

لتجنب هذه الظاهرة، يتحمل الأفراد والمجتمعات مسؤولية الحد من هدر الطعام عبر اتخاذ قرارات واعية على مستوى الأسرة والمجتمع. يمكن تحقيق ذلك من طريق التخطيط الجيد للوجبات، وشراء الكميات المناسبة من المواد الغذائية، وإعادة استخدام الفائض من الطعام بدلًا من رميه. كما يمكن تعزيز ثقافة التبرع بالطعام للمحتاجين في الجمعيات الخيرية التي تعمل على توزيع الطعام على الأسر الفقيرة. 

food wastage in ramadan

إلى تلك إضافة، يمكن تقليل هدر الطعام بتبني ممارسات أكثر استدامة، مثل تخزين الطعام بطريقة صحيحة للحفاظ عليه مدّة أطول، والاستفادة من بقايا الطعام في إعداد وصفات جديدة، فضلًا عن التوعية المجتمعية حول أهمية الحفاظ على الموارد الغذائية. 

في نهاية المطاف، يعد تقليل هدر الطعام سلوكًا نبيلًا يفضح القيم الإسلامية، ويساهم في تحقيق العدالة الاجتماعية بواسطة مساعدة الفقراء والمحتاجين. ثم أن تقليل الإسراف في الطعام يساعد في الحفاظ على الموارد الطبيعية وحماية البيئة من أضرار النفايات الغذائية. لذا، فإن تبني عادات غذائية مسؤولة خلال رمضان يعد خطوة مهمة نحو تحقيق الاستدامة والتكافل الاجتماعي.