Category Archives: Water

The Menace of Plastic Water Bottles

By | | , , ,
8 Comments

Plastic water bottles are a common feature in urban life. The availability of water bottles is common and the cost is affordable by all sections of the society due to which its use and misuse has increased manifolds with time. People also provide it for free in mosques and other public locations. It is because of its easy availability that people misuse this resource considering it free, taking a bottle, sipping it, consuming partly and leaving it at the venue or throwing it in garbage bins. Empty and partially consumed plastic water bottles are collected and thrown away in municipal … Continue reading →

The Promise of Olla Irrigation

By | | , ,
Leave a comment

Efficient traditional methods of irrigation that could be of great use on small and medium sized farms and gardens were not well studied or publicized until recently. The olla (buried clay pot or pitcher) method of irrigation is one of the most efficient systems known and is ideal for gardeners and small farmers and can be used in a patio container.[1] I first learned about it in a Chinese agricultural text from 2000 years ago. Olla irrigation uses a buried, unglazed clay pot filled with water to provide controlled irrigation to plants as the water seeps out through the clay … Continue reading →

أنظمة ري عالية الكفاءة للحدائق المنزلية والشجيرات والأشجار

By | | , ,
Leave a comment

إن العديد من الأسر والمجتمعات وحتى البلدان معرضة للخطر بسبب التغير المناخي الذي يتسبب في حدوث موجات من الجفاف والفيضانات الحادة والشديدة، حيث أن إمدادات المياه محدودة في الكثير من المناطق وتكاليفها أيضاُ آخذة بالارتفاع. لذا فإنه بإمكان أنظمة الري تحقيق أكبر استفادة من إمدادات المياه المحدودة. على مدى ما يقارب الاربعون عاماً قمت بتجارب وتعديل استراتيجيات لإنشاء مصانع في صحارى سونوران وموجافي شمال أمريكا، حيث يصل معدل هطول الامطار الى 7.5 سم في العام الجيد، حيث تكون هذه الانظمة مفيدة للحدائق المنزلية وزراعة الشجيرات والأشجار في الأراضي القاحلة. بدأت السعي بهذا الموضوع في الثمانينات، عنجما بدأت البحث حول العالم … Continue reading →

The Health Impacts of Drinking Contaminated Water

By | | , ,
2 Comments

Drinking dirty or contaminated water causes numerous health problems, all of which one should be aware of. The contamination of water sources can start from the main water sources such as city water supplies, rivers, streams, and lakes, or well water supplies. Moreover, the main water source such as groundwater might get contaminated from toxic chemicals found underground, such as fluoride or arsenic, if the water is not filtered properly. Furthermore, contamination can occur from something as dangerous as a badly designed hazardous waste site or industrial site, exposing the water to numerous dangerous chemicals. As previously mentioned, contaminated water … Continue reading →

CSP-Powered Desalination: Prospects in MENA

By | | , ,
5 Comments

Conventional large-scale desalination is cost-prohibitive and energy-intensive, and not viable for poor countries in the MENA region due to increasing costs of fossil fuels. In addition, the environmental impacts of desalination are considered critical on account of GHG emissions from energy consumption and discharge of brine into the sea. The negative effects of desalination can be minimized, to some extent, by using renewable energy to power the plants. What is Concentrated Solar Power The core element of Concentrated Solar Power Plant is a field of large mirrors reflecting captured rays of sun to a small receiver element, thus concentrating the … Continue reading →

دور المعرفة الأصيلة والابتكار في إدارة المياه

By | | , ,
Leave a comment

أنشأ أسلافنا أنظمة وتطبيقات مدهشة لإدارة المياه ساعدتهم على مكافحة المناخ القاسي والموارد الطبيعية الشحيحة في أجزاء كثيرة من هذا الكون. في هذا المقال، نستعرض كيف استخدمت الحضارات القديمة المعرفة الأصيلة في إدارة المياه، وكيف يمكن للابتكار والريادة أن يجنبوا منطقة الشرق الأوسط وشمال افريقيا أزمة المياه التي تعصف بها. الماضي الذهبي استطاعت الحضارات القوية البقاء والاستمرار في منطقة الشرق الأوسط وشمال افريقيا منذ القرن الرابع قبل الميلاد، على الرغم من الظروف الجافة والقاحلة، بسبب اعتمادها على التكنولوجيات المائية المحكمة والهندسة الهيدروليكية. في القرن الرابع عشر، أشارت مداولات عالم الاجتماع الكبير المولود في تونس ابن خلدون إلى أن السلالات المنِعة … Continue reading →

شح المياه في منطقة الشرق الأوسط وشمال إفريقيا: محفز للمنَعة والابتكار

By | | ,
Leave a comment

لقد كان الماء – وسيظل – عاملًا رئيسيًا في تشكيل الحياة على الأرض. فهو محرك رئيسي لنهوض الحضارات وتفككها وتهجيرها. أظهر التاريخ أن الماء يمكن أن يكون سببًا للسلام والصراع بين الأمم. ومن منظور عملي أكثر، تقع المياه في قلب برامج التنمية الاجتماعية والاقتصادية والبيئية. تعد منطقة الشرق الأوسط وشمال إفريقيا المنطقة الأكثر ندرة في المياه في العالم، وهو وضع يتفاقم بسبب تغير المناخ وعدم الاستقرار السياسي. في حين أن تأثيرات هذا التحدي المائي المتضخم أضحت أكثر وضوحًا، فمن المتوقع أن تتسارع شدة ووتيرة التأثيرات غير المباشرة وغير المقاسة على الأمن والاستقرار في المنطقة في السنوات القادمة. تتميز معظم الموارد … Continue reading →

Water Woes in Palestine

By | | ,
3 Comments

Water crisis in the West Bank and Gaza is largely overshadowed by the overall political tension between Palestine and Israel. However, the ever-growing water conflict between the two sides is a major impediment to reaching a just and peaceful resolution to the Palestine-Israel conflict, and an essential component for the creation of an independent Palestinian state. Ever since the Nakbah (Day of Catastrophe) in 1948, Israel has sought to control the main sources of water, and after the 1967 conflict Israel has managed to control all of the major water sources it shares with Palestine and other neighboring countries such … Continue reading →

Seawater Desalination – A Better Choice for MENA

By | | , ,
4 Comments

Water scarcity is a major problem in many parts of the world affecting quality of life, the environment, industry, and the economies of developing nations. The MENA region is considered as one of the most water-scarce regions of the world. Large scale water management problems are already apparent in the region. While the MENA region’s population is growing steadily, per capita water availability is expected to fall by more than 40-50% by the year 2050. Also, climate change is likely to affect weather and precipitation patterns, and the consequences of which may force the MENA region to more frequent and … Continue reading →

Water-Energy Nexus in the Arab Countries

By | | , ,
1 Comment

Amongst the most important inter-dependencies in the Arab countries is the water-energy nexus, where all the socio-economic development sectors rely on the sustainable provision of these two resources. In addition to their central and strategic importance to the region, these two resources are strongly interrelated and becoming increasingly inextricably linked as the water scarcity in the region increases. In the water value chain, energy is required in all segments; energy is used in almost every stage of the water cycle: extracting groundwater, feeding desalination plants with its raw sea/brackish waters and producing freshwater, pumping, conveying, and distributing freshwater, collecting wastewater … Continue reading →

High Efficiency Irrigation Systems for Home Gardens, Shrubs and Trees

By | | ,
Leave a comment

Climate change is bringing longer and more severe droughts and floods. Water supplies are limited in many areas and water costs are rising. Many families, communities and even countries are at risk. More efficient irrigation systems can make the most of limited water supplies. Over the last 40 years I have been testing and refining strategies for plant establishment in the Sonoran and Mojave deserts of North America with rainfall as low as 7.5 cm in a good year. Many of these systems can prove useful for home gardens, and growing shrubs and trees in arid lands. My quest began … Continue reading →

Go Big! The Challenge of Large Scale Restoration of the Badiya

By | | , ,
Leave a comment

The badiya[i] is a region of desert, semi-desert and steppe covering 500,000 square kilometers (200,000 square miles) of the Middle East, including parts of Syria, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and Iraq.[ii] It accounts for 85% of the land area of Jordan[iii] and 55% of Syria.[iv] To the south it borders and merges into the Arabian Desert.[v] Much of the Badiya has become severely degraded by historic misuse over hundreds of years.[vi] Trees were cut and used for buildings, but more intensively for firewood and making charcoal. This pressure and centuries of overgrazing by herds of thousands of camels, goats, and sheep … Continue reading →